What is one of the great virtues of digital elevation?

In a conformal projection, graticule lines intersect at 90-degree angles, and at any point on the map the scale is the same in all directions. Justify your answer by defining the worldview. (b) Describe how the concept of SLOSS can be used to overcome the challenges of connecting fragmented land. Distances measured from the center are true. Conformal projections are typically used in: Write your answer to each part clearly. What is it? What is a Sinusoidal equal-area map? title, date, legend, scale, direction, location, data source, and projection type, a brief summary of the map's content or purpose. An equal-area projection may distort shape, angle, scale, or any combination thereof. Parallels refer to the lines that touch or intersect with earth, also referred to as standard parallel. Using the Mercator map will allow a navigator to generally take, the shorter path of a great circle route by simply making periodic changes in the compass course, relatively undistorted in the low latitudes and increases rapidly in the mid and high altitudes because the meridians do not converge at the poles but instead remain parallel to each other. (a) Identify one environmental worldview that advocates for allowing these tribes to persist on their land. The WXT transceiver is connected to the DMCs via two ARINC 453 databuses. }{ \left(^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)} & \text{6.1} & \text{6.6} & \text{6.6} & \text{6.6} & \text{6.6} & \text{6.1} & \text{6.1} & \text{6.1} & \text{6.1} & \text{6.1} & \text{6.6} & \text{6.6} & \text{6.4}\\ -maintain true direction with respect to the map center. wavelengths of radiation other than visible light, wide range of wavelengths of energy emitted by the Sun and other objects. c. It is a mixture. around the equator like an ordinary cylindrical projection, but then further curves in toward the poles, effectively conveying some of the curvature of Earth. What is the best way to show the Earth as a whole, accurately convey's the spherical shape of the Earth as well as show without distortion, the spatial relationships of Earth's surface, while maintaining correct size, shape, distance, and direction relationships of features around the planet, constructed at a very small scale and can't show much detail, a flat representation of Earth, shown reduced in size with only selected features or data showing, what is where: distance, direction, size, shape in horizontal, or two dimensional, spatial relationships, a map with a theme.

d. "Plato's Warning". (3) is accurately represented, however land masses near (4) are (5) on this map than in real life. point or line where the projection surface touches the reference globe; usually a standard parallel or central meridian. One of the most widespread techniques for portraying the geographic distribution of some phenomenon is isoline. Why would you expect the vegetation in the area around Cruz Loma to be different from that found at Guayaquil, Ecuador, a city located at the same latitude but on the coast? How are most map projections created today? A planar or cylindrical projection whose point of tangency is neither on the equator nor at a pole or a conic projection whose axis does not line up with the polar axis of the globe. It is a compound. Where calculations are required, show your work. Conic projections are used in the U.S. and other large countries with territory that stretches more in the east-west direction than in the north-south direction. Choose the best answer. d. It is mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide. If the map is showing large portions of the Earth's surface, what happens to the map scale? a. As with other rectangular projections, its extreme north-south stretching is especially prominent in the tropics. Bt-corn, a genetically modified plant, is now widely used in the United States because it greatly reduces the need to spray insecticides on crop lands.

(2) Gold has a glassy luster. Which is the term that defines the sediments between the highest water, and lowest water marks. This parallel that coincides with the circle of tangency becomes known as, distortions are least in the vicinity of the circle of tangency and increases progressively as we get farther away, regions of east/west orientation in the midlatitudes. (c) For the past 130 years, average global surface temperatures have shown an overall increase that seems likely to continue. the science of obtaining reliable measurements and mapping from aerial photographs, multicolored distortion free photographic maps prepared from aerial photographs or digital images. All the remote multispectral sensing systems up to this point work by, sensing the natural radiation emitted by or reflected from an object and are therefore characterized as passive systems, has its own source of electromagnetic radiation. a. What us a conic projection? Explain your answer. 1.Polar planar projection - the focus is located at one of the poles. describe a cylindrical projection surface: a type of map projection that projects Earth onto a cylinder by touching the earth on one line (tangent) or intersecting the earth through two lines (secant).

size distortion increases progressively with increasing distance from this circle. What two factors act together to keep Earth in orbit around the sun? A "good" map is one that is successfully used for its intended purpose and was created in a precise and accurate manner. What is wrong with the mercator projection? (a) Why is the decomposition of plant litter important on farmlands? All great circles appear as straight lines on this projection, so that the shortest distance between two points is a straight line. in the real spherical world, locations are described using angles (i.e. Where calculations are required, show your work. Landsat 7 carries an instrument array call the Enhance Thematic Mapper Plus that provides images in eight spectral bands with a resolution of 15 meters (49 feet) in the panchoromatic band in the 6 narrow bands of visible and short infrared wavelengths, and 60 meters (197 feet) in thermal infrared. If all attribute data are stored in one large table, the relational database is known as. What does Lambert Conformal Conic preserve? How is natural selection an example of evolution? What is often the first essential step toward understanding the spatial distributions and relationships of geographic features? Type of planar. \text{ } & \text{J} & \text{F} & \text{M} & \text{A} & \text{M} & \text{J} & \text{J} & \text{A} & \text{S} & \text{O} & \text{N} & \text{D} & \text{Year}\\ What is the most important active sensing used in Earth sciences? A map projection in which the angles at each point are preserved. The size of most areas, however, is distorted. Which statement regarding a global environmental indicator is NOT correct? Why are equivalent map projections desirable? What projection does the gnomonic map projection fit under? Areas that are located far from the Equator are quite distorted on this type of map. Which group of animals was dominant during the Mesozoic Era?

Based on light source, what are the three types of planar projections? You can control some of these but never all, Cartographers often strive to maintain accuracy either of size or shape using map properties known as, In an equivalent map projection or equal area map projection, the correct size ratio of area on the map to the corresponding actual area on Earth's surface is maintained over the entire map. Alaska, for example, appears much larger on this type of map than it does on a globe. Support your answers with relevant information and examples. At the point or line of tangency, the projection is free from distortion. (c) Describe two ecosystem services that could be monitored to evaluate the health of protected land in the corridor. misleading impressions of size are avoided, difficult to achieve on small scale maps because correct shapes must be sacrificed in order to maintain proper area relationships, A conformal map projection is one in which proper angular relationships are maintained across the entire map so that the shapes of features such as coastlines are the same as on Earth, They show correct shapes on a map. other minerals. With planar projections, distances and directions are correct, but only from the central point or focus. because the Earth's surface is curved and map's are flat. A tangent planar projection touches the globe at one point, while tangent conic and cylindrical projections touch the globe along a line. It does not maintain completely accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but it minimizes errors in each. a. the size of an area must often be considerably distorted to depict proper shape. What is the point where it touches called?

What is an Equal-area/equivalent projection? A. Ceres B. Neptune C. Pluto D. Venus. What are the map projections classified by surface? Explain your answer. (d) On average, one kilogram of potato contains 850 kilocalories. A projection whose surface intersects the surface of a globe. there will be significant scale differences from one part of the map to the other and may need different scales for different latitudes, There are three ways to portray map scales that are widely used, graphic scale, fractional scale, and verbal scale, uses a line marked off in distances to represent actual distance on Earth's surface, You measure off the distance between two points on the map and then convert using the graphic map scale, Using the graphic map scale will give you, simplicity and it remains correct when the map is enlarged or reduced in size, it conveys the relationship between distance measured on the map and the actual distance that represents on Earth with a fraction or ratio, This fraction used in fractional map scale is called, An example of a fraction in a fractional map scale, 1/63,360 or 1:63,360: this notation means that 1 unit measure on the map represents an actual distance of 63,630 units on earth, Aka: word scale, states that in words the relationship between the distance on the map and the actual distance on Earth's surface, such as "one centimeter to ten kilometers". Select the best description of air. What are parallels? What three evidences convince some ancient people that the earth was a sphere? What are some ways vertical landscape is portrayed on maps? \text{Precip. These imaging experiments were so successful that NASA then developed what was initially called Earth Resources Technology Satellite series (ERTS) and later renamed Landsat. (3) Gold one of the most abundant common minerals. Which of the following is an abiotic component? $$

The organism P. malariae lives in red blood cells, causing the host organism to experience high fevers and chills. Projects the earth continents as one island. as camouflage detection because it was able to discriminate between living vegetation and the vegetation used to hide objects during the war, middle or far infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, conventional digital cameras or traditional photographic film, measures the radiant temp of objects and may be carried out either day or night, showing diurnal temp differences between land and water, between bedrock and alluvium, for studying thermal water pollution, for detecting forest fires, The greatest use for thermal IR scanning systems has been, meteorological satellites and weather forecasting, Today, most sophisticated remote sensing satellites are, Multispectral instruments detect and record, many bands of the electromagnetic spectrum simultaneously, Although traditional photographic film was sensitive to only a narrow band of visible radiation, a satellite equipped with a multiband instrument images the surface of the earth, in several spectrum regions at once - visible light, near infrared, middle infrared, and thermal infrared - each useful for different applications, The digital multispectral satellite image is conveyed through, a matric of numbers, each representing a single value for a specific pixel and band, The data from the digital multispectral satellite image is, stored in the satellite, eventually transmitted to an Earth receiving station, numerically processed by a computer, and produced as a set of grey values and/or colors on a screen or hard copy printout, Early NASA space missions used multiband photography obtained through mulitcamera arrays. The amount of water vapor in the air is called _____. What kind of electromagnetic spectrum can the naked eye see? What type of relationship is this? Are GPS's more accurate than the best base maps? These satellites continuously transmit both identification and positioning info that can be picked up by receivers on Earth, The distance between a receiver and each member in a group of four or more satellites is calculated by, comparing clocks stored in both units, and then the 3D coordinates of the receiver's position are calculated thru triangulation, The greater the number of channels in a GPS unit, the greater, the number of satellites that can be tracked and the better accuracy. The focus. a. oil that is escaping from a damaged tanker b. heavy metals that are leaching out of an underground mine c. water runoff from residential lawns d. untreated sewage that is accidentally released from a wastewater treatment plant. Give examples? b. What kind of projection is neither equivalent nor conformal, but instead balances reasonably accurate shapes with reasonably accurate areas? If normal is equatorial, transverse is polar and vice versa. Fill in the blanks. b. It is useful to indicate the source of the data, help the user assess the kinds of distortions on the map, Maps can display data many different ways. Directions from a central point to all other points are maintained accurately in azimuthal projections.These projections can also be equal area, conformal or equidistant at the same time. Gnomonic projection: "light source" at the Earth's center (Figure 10b). Meridians curve toward the poles. The databus wiring is terminated at one end by a? Where is the scale true in these? What is a planar projection? b. Currently, the project is still underway and each nation is continually adding fragments of land to the corridor. A projection which resembles a cylindrical projections but is actually compromise projection. What is a conformal projection? Is there size distortion anywhere else on these maps? These circles are equal in area before projection, but distorted afterwards. A. animal wastes B. dead insects C. decayed leaves D. mineral fragments, which symbol is a 5 mil diameter circle is displayed on the hud to show bullet impact at the set target altitude for bullets fired one bullet time-of-flight ago. Parallels are horizontal lines with meridians equally spaced. What does Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area preserve? Which weather event will likely result?

What is the most common system of location? Describe some signs that the world may be progressing toward a sustainable future. It is impossible to depict true shapes for large areas such as a continent, but they can be approximated, and in practice for small areas we can say conformal maps show correct shapes, All conformal projections have ____ and ____ crossing each other at right angles. }{ 80^{\circ} \mathrm{W}}\\ Which is not a commonly used projection surface? What are the three types of polar projections?

Compare the climate data for Cruz Loma, Ecuador, and Guayaquil, Ecuador, found in the table. More accurate than the mercator, more useful reference map because country sizes are more true to size. It is often used for maps in educational materials, a. is a compromise azimuthal map that does not preserve area, shape, distance, or direction, but minimize distortion for all of those.

If no grid is shown, direction may be indicated by a straight arrow pointing north, This arrow that points north is also known as. Used for asia, america, australia and other large areas, Environmental Science: Sustaining Your World. The compromise projection is an attempt at balance between these characteristics, and is often used in thematic mapping. t is a compromise projection that considers the overall picture of the world while distorting sizes in the polar regions. there will always be distortion of shape, relative area, distance, and/or direction. X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, radio waves, uses electronic sensors or photographic film sensitive to radiation in the near infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum - wavelengths of radiation just longer than the human eye can see, With color IR imagery, sensitivity to visible blue light is replaced by sensitivity to, These images, even though they are false color images, are. A projection whose surface touches the globe's without piercing it. Countries and continents are displayed close to their true relative sizes. (a) Increased crop yields, (b) Decreased pesticide use, (c) Increased nitrogen fixing, (d) Easy integration of crop rotation, (e) Decreased erosion. \begin{matrix} Where are they used? These results may be caused by the production of toxic enzymes by the foliage of Bt-positive crops that deters herbivory while the plant is living, but leaches into the soil as the plant decomposes. A map projection resulting from the conceptual projection of the Earth onto a tangent or secant plane. Orthographic projections have a "light source" at the Earth's center. What kinds of other wavelengths of energy are there? a projection that maintains a balance between distortions of shape, area, distance and direction, rather than perfectly preserving one geometric property at the expense of others. A projection that preserves the correct shapes of small areas. This means that the shapes of small areas are maintained accurately. Mathematically, a pseudoclylindrical projection wraps how? A conformal map projection preserves ___? Except for maps of very small areas, where both properties can be closely approximated, conformality and equivalence cannot be maintained on the same projection, and thus the art of mapmaking is often an art of compromise. The gnomonic projection is useful in navigation. If the map is of a small area, how many scales should be used? A species that has a disproportionately large effect on community structure is known as (blank). a central parallel (usually the equator) and central meridian (often the prime meridian) cross at right angles in the middle of the map, When and where does distortion occur in pseudocylindrical projections, distortions in size and/or shape normally increases progressively as one moves away from this point in any direction, In the pseudocylindrical projections, all of the parallels are, In the pseudocylindrical projects, all meridians, except the central meridian are, one technique used with pseudocylindrical projections to minimize distortion of the continents is to "interrupt" oceanic regions, Goode's interrupted homolosine equal-area projection, The shapes of continental coastlines, in interrupted projections are, very well maintained even in high latitudes, When global distributions are mapped, the continents are often more important than the oceans, and yet the oceans occupy most of the map space in a typical projection. List the map projections classified based on the distortion characteristics, what do they preserve? No flat map can be both equal-area and conformal.

Distortion of other properties increases away from the center point. It is an element. Suppose that growing a kilogram of nontransgenic potatoes on a conventional farm requires 1,100 kilocalories of fuel to plant the potatoes, 700 kilocalories of fuel to spray pesticides on the potatoes, and 200 kilocalories to harvest the potatoes. What is the prime advantage of a Mercator map? For more than 1/4 of Earth's surface (semihemisphere), What are conic projections particularly well adapted for, mapping relatively small areas, such as a state or country, also called elliptical or oval projection, roughly football shaped map, usually of the entire world, although sometimes only the central section of a pseudocylindrical projection is used for maps of lesser areas. b. A projection surface is a simple geometric form capable of being flattened without stretching, such as a cylinder, cone, or plane. The scale is also true on the central meridian of the projection.

A projection that transforms points from a spheroid or sphere onto a tangent or secant cylinder.

Scale can never be perfectly correct over an entire map, why? Each parallel is a circular arc of true scale. First modern south-up map in 1979.

c. Many scientists think that the asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous prevented plant growth for many years. The azimuthal projection is also known as a planar projection. c. How would Earth move if the sun (including its gravity) suddenly disappeared? \text{Precip. A projection whose central point/line is located at either the north or south pole. a type of map projection that projects Earth onto a cone that is either tangent to the Earth at a single parallel(single parallel projection), or secant at two parallels (secant conic projection). Displacement from their land would mean the loss of the culture and heritage associated with those tribes.There are also challenges in purchasing and connecting fragmented land, as well as monitoring the success of the corridor.