The solubility of iron in alpha titanium is less than 0.2 percent at the eutectoid temperature of 590 C. The eutectoid transformation is very sluggish, and only after prolonged heat treatment is TiFe found.

You can find the weight of a metal object or material in a few simple steps. (width wall thickness) wall thickness 4 length, round tubing: mbari seafloor Duplicate specimens of longitudinal sections were examined metallographically, and 5 to 7 Vickers hardness measurements were taken using a 10-kilogram load. The first presence of the carbide phase in titanium-carbon alloys is evident at 0.12 weight-percent carbon and is in fair agreement with solubility limits of 0.12 weight-percent at 600 C. reported by Cadoff and Nielsen.

titanium resulting from fused-salt electrorefining research permitted a reassessment and evaluation of the mechanical properties of titanium and its alloys. You can use this method to calculate steel weight or the weight of any other metal.

5) having the equation: The correlation between Vickers hardness and ultimate tensile strength is shown in figure 6. For equivalent hardness levels, the strength of titanium-iron alloys are from 5,000 to 8,000 pounds per square inch greater than for binary titanium alloys with oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon. t;$eIihe

Use the following volume formulas for various metal shapes: round bar:

The data for annealed oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon alloys fits a straight line having the equation: For equivalent hardness, the strength levels of titanium-iron alloys are from 5,000 to 8,000 pounds per square inch greater than for the oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon alloys. Youll need to know what type of metal the object is, then reference a density chart to locate the density. trailer Oxygen and nitrogen are both soluble in alpha titanium for the compositions investigated, and the microstructures of the binary titanium-oxygen and titanium-nitrogen alloys showed only equiaxed alpha grain structures. Elongation values are in good agreement with reported values of Finlay and Snyder, who cold-rolled their alloys and annealed them for 1 hour at 700 C. Strength and elongation values for titanium-iron alloys are in very good agreement with the work of Finlay and Snyder. Notice that only one inch increase in diameter caused a 4 pound increase in weight. The strength and hardness of binary Ti-O, Ti-N, and Ti-C alloys are linear functions of alloy content in the composition range investigated. Tensile tests (4 to 6 per alloy) were conducted at a crosshead speed of 0.025 inch per minute to the 0.2 per cent offset yield strength, and at 0.050 inch per minute thereafter. The resulting volume will thus be in cubic inches or cubic centimeters. volume = 3.14 0.25 0.25 48 Weights in lbs/ft3 have been calculated at 1/16 kg/m3 and rounded out to the nearest pound, which should be accurate enough for roleplaying purposes. Use our metal density chart to locate the density of the metal youre using. When measuring the volume, it is essential to keep all dimensions in the same unit. This study, in essence, is an attempt to isolate the contribution of individual contaminants on the mechanical properties of dilute titanium alloys. The answer is calculated by multiplying the volume of the ball by the density of the material. Subsequent cold work and annealing at 700 C. resulted in a fine-grained alpha structure with increased amounts of transformed beta in the grain boundaries, along with increased iron content. Hardening and strengthening trends are similar to those reported for iodide titanium and commercial Kroll sponge-base alloys. However, hardness values for titanium-iron alloys based on electrorefined titanium are 15 to 20 Vickers points lower than those for iodide titanium-base alloys.

Because of initial differences in purity and properties, of the base titanium metals used in this study, and that of Finlay and Snyder, and Jaffee and others, their mechanical property data could not be extended to the lower impurity level of alloys of this investigation.

The strength and hardness of electrorefined titanium-base binary titanium-oxygen (0.034-0.20 weight-percent), titanium-nitrogen (0.006-0.087 weight-percent), and titanium-carbon (0.033-0.12 weight-percent) alloys using electrorefined titanium are linear functions of alloy content.

Compared to oxygen and carbon, nitrogen is the most effective strengthener and hardener, followed by oxygen, then carbon. %PDF-1.5 % Compared to oxygen and carbon, nitrogen is the most effective strengthener and hardener, followed by oxygen, then carbon. The strength is approximately 10,000 pounds per square inch lower than values reported for iodide titanium-base alloys.

McKinsey and Martin have determined that the effect of iron on the tensile properties of sodium-reduced titanium, after a variety of heat treatments, was related to quantity, distribution, and iron content of retained or transformed beta in the structure. Enter the number of pieces and their dimensions. The chart below shows the density in various units of measure for commonly used metals and alloys. For a rectangular object such as a metal plate or bar, use the following volume formula: Thus, the volume is equal to the length times the width times the height. Alloys used in this study were arc-melted ingots remaining from the hardness test work of Haver and Baker. For example, calculate the weight of a two inch diameter lead ball: $12.566 / 3 = 4.1887$ cubic inches (is the volume of a 2 inch ball). X5}t>Xlvu?{PC0 Despite the low level of impurities in electrorefined titanium, it is not a pure metal.

0000000607 00000 n 0000002147 00000 n Once you know the volume and the density, the final step is to multiply the volume by the density to calculate the weight. The Bureau of Mines reported on the relative effects of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and iron on the Brinell hardness of electrolytic titanium.

For example, lets calculate the weight of a 1/2 diameter steel round bar that is 48 long.

The exception is the Metals table, since there is seldom much variation in weight between different batches of the same metal I have given the weight per cubic metre reasonably accurately. When the carbon concentration is above 0.10 percent, carbides are present, and strength and hardness are relatively unchanged. 0000000979 00000 n This will give you a very near approximation to calculate shipping costs from, or for calculating price per pound. 0000001987 00000 n Tensile specimens were prepared with a 1-inch gage length and a width of one-quarter inch in the reduced section. There is a very good correlation for titanium alloys containing oxygen and nitrogen, but considerable deviation is noted for titanium-iron and titanium-carbon alloys. The microstructures of unalloyed electrorefined titanium, cold-rolled from the arc-melted condition and annealed 30 minutes at 700 C., exhibit the typical equiaxed alpha grain structure and are shown in figure 8. The 0.21 weight-percent carbon alloy (fig. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of the impurities, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and iron (in low percentages) on the mechanical properties of electrolytic titanium. Minneapolis, Minnesota 952.884.7733 feedback@vincentmetals.com, DFARS Specialty Metals Clause: What and Why.

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The correlation of Brinell hardness with Vickers hardness is shown in figure 7. Wood heavier than 1,000 kg/m3 will not float in water.

So, measure the length, width, and height in inches or centimeters. 0000001486 00000 n While iron appears to be a more effective strengthener of titanium than carbon, solubility limits and microstructure changes preclude direct comparison with the interstitially soluble elements.

steel weight = 9.42477 in 0.2836 lb/in Specimens for microscopic examination, hardness, and tensile tests were annealed in a vacuum of 10 -4 to 10 -5 millimeters of mercury for 30 minutes at 700 C. and were allowed to cool in an atmosphere of helium. 10). 4.1887 times the density of lead, which is 0.409 pounds per cubic inch, gives a weight of 1.713 pounds. The strength and hardness versus composition curves for titanium-nitrogen alloys (fig.

For the range of nitrogen contents investigated (0.004 to 0.087 weight-percent) strength, hardness, and ductility changes were similar to those for oxygen in the range of 0.021 to 0.20 weight-percent; however, the addition of nitrogen caused a sharp decrease in ductility, and there was no evidence that the curve would level off.

The interstitial solutes oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen are likely to be picked up by titanium in all processing operations and have been shown to have large effects on its properties. 0000000016 00000 n However, it is. These alloys were prepared by adding measured amounts of reagent grade titanium dioxide, titanium nitride, carbon black, and iron powders to composite samples of (73 B.h.n,) electrorefined titanium.

http://www.easyunitconverter.com/density-unit-conversion/density-unit-converter.aspx. The next step in calculating the weight is to find the density of the metal object. The radius of 1.5 inches cubed equals $3.375 4 = 42.410$, divided by 3, equals 14.137 cubic inches, times 0.409 ( the density of lead ) gives 5.782 pounds.

$\text"Weight" = {4 R^3/ 3 } 0.409$, $\text"Weight" = {4 3.1416 {3/2}^3} 0.409$.

velcro lock double 3m per foot fastech racing $\text"Weight" = \text"Volume" \text"Density"$. The first step in finding the weight of a metal object is to find its volume. 2) are similar to those for oxygen; however, hardening and strengthening rates for nitrogen are greater than those for oxygen. You can use this calculator to find the weight of any dimension or quantity of the alloys we carry. The solubility of iron in beta titanium is approximately 25 percent at the eutectic temperature of 1,085 C. More than 3.8 weight-percent iron is required to retain the beta structure upon quenching. The availability of high-purity, low hardness (60 to 80 Brinell hardness number, B.h.n.) In the composition range, where carbides are present (above 0.10 weight-percent carbon), strength and hardness of titanium-carbon alloys increased only slightly. 0000002192 00000 n We need to calculate the volume using the formula above. Microstructures were developed with an aqueous solution of 1.5-percent hydrofluoric acid and 3-percent nitric acid.

0000001309 00000 n For instance, steel has a density of 490.1 lb/ft. tubing fingertip gyro This is also true for electrorefined titanium; however, hardness levels for high-purity, low-hardness, electrorefined titanium have been found to be lower than those calculated from oxygen equivalents. 83 15 The density of the steel bar is 490.1 lb/ft, which is equal to 0.2836 lb/in.

4). The mechanical properties of unalloyed electrorefined titanium (average of 12 specimens) are shown in table 2, together with average values found for iodide titanium, by Jaffee and other and Finlay and Snyder. Elongation values of the electrorefined titanium-base alloys are similar to iodide titanium-base alloys similarly processed, with decreasing ductility for increasing impurity contents. The structures of arc-melted titanium-iron alloys, of this investigation, were typical acicular structures for iron contents greater than 0.07 weight-percent (fig. This may be the most extensive and reliable metal weight calculation tool on the web. Tensile strength increases from 33,300 to 69,300 pounds per square inch, while hardness increases from 81 to 179 Vickers hardness number (V.h.n.). So, this bar weighs 2.67 lbs. 0000002412 00000 n

Iron appears to be a more effective strengthener of titanium than carbon, but its effects are attributed to the presence of transformed beta in the structure. **See also: A density measurement conversion tool that is available at http://www.easyunitconverter.com/density-unit-conversion/density-unit-converter.aspx , for density unit conversions of various materials such as brass, copper, steel, and aluminum.

9) exhibited extensive amounts of the carbide phase, orientated in the rolling direction.

Although the effects of small quantities of these impurities on the properties of titanium and its alloys have been the concern of numerous studies a complete understanding of their individual and collective effects is not known.

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However, during rapid cooling from temperatures above 800 C., the beta phase in alloys containing less iron than the amount required to retain beta, may transform to acicular alpha, of the same alloy content as the parent beta phase. The composition of the sodium-reduced base metal (weight percent) was reported to be: 0.04 iron, 0.047 carbon, 0.13 oxygen, 0.007 nitrogen, and 0.012 hydrogen. The major impurities in commercial titanium are iron, manganese, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen. Note: These figures are for seasoned wood only. Strength and Vickers hardness are straight line functions (determined by the least squares method) of oxygen content, as oxygen content is increased from 0.021 to 0.20 weight-percent. Laboratory Testing Consulting & Engineering Process Equipment. Lower strength and hardness are attributed to lower initial total impurity content of the electrorefined metal.

0000002347 00000 n For equivalent hardness levels, Ti-Fe alloys are stronger than binary titanium alloys containing oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon. 0000003215 00000 n

The effects of iron were established by eliminating the contribution of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon using the methods outlined by Ogden and Jaffee. Arc-melted alloys of compositions shown in table 1 covered a hardness range of 78 to 158 B.h.n. @^3*:SvPv; ,]gc:^b Thus, the weight of a metal object is equal to its volume multiplied by its density.

0000155284 00000 n

I have taken an average weight per cubic metre for a given substance and rounded it to the nearest 25 kilograms. The preparation of alloys, description of melting equipment, melting techniques, and Brinell hardness testing procedures for titanium used in this investigation have been described. They have been crosschecked against densities reported by producing mills.

JC2VwE/lbXC=D@ 2\dO2[(]#;JNTg9$q+U- kE#Vsn~gt0BIPh8P8le|=#a,!K+D the strengthening and hardening effects of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon (up to 0.10 weight percent carbon) are linear functions of oxygen equivalents: Copyright 2012-2021 911Metallurgist | All Rights Reserved. Now, use the weight formula using the density in pounds per cubic inch and the volume in cubic inches.

endstream endobj 84 0 obj <. impurities oxygen Ogden and Jaffee have shown that the interstitially soluble elements-oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon-are additive in commercial grades of titanium. Use the pull down menus to first choose the broad material category (like Stainless Steel or Cobalt Chrome), then the specific alloy number, and finally the form of the material. 3.14 (diameter 2) (diameter 2) length, square tubing: However the strengthening is related to the presence of transformed beta in the structure. The button-ingots were machined and sanded on both sides to give smooth and parallel surfaces, and cold-rolled into sheets one-sixteenth-inch thick.

The densities used to calculate metal weights based on dimension are taken from reliable sources such as MatWeb and Metal Suppliers Online.

The weights given in these tables are necessarily approximate; variation within a class of substance can be large. This three inch diameter ball is more than triple the weight of the two inch diameter ball.

However, plus and minus tolerances will slightly alter weight of finished metals. Mechanical properties of the titanium-iron alloys are parabolic functions of iron content (fig. Elongation values were erratic, but the general trend was for decreasing ductility with increasing strength. xref volume = 3.14 (1/2 2) (1/2 2) 48 0000001116 00000 n The lower strength and hardness for electrorefined titanium are attributed to the lower impurity concentration. 83 0 obj <> endobj steel weight = 2.67 lbs. The reported concentrations of carbon and iron in weight-percent, for the iodide metal, were 0.03 carbon and <0.04 iron, compared to 0.015 carbon and <0.005 iron for the electrorefined metal. to be relatively constant up to 0.20 weight-percent oxygen, the maximum percentage investigated. The mechanical properties of electrorefined titanium as a function of oxygen content are shown in figure 1. http://www.convertauto.com from Lilly Hammond at NCSU. The presence of the transformed beta structure is best revealed in the unetched electropolished specimens shown in figures 11 and 12.

The mechanical property versus composition curves for titanium-carbon alloys are shown in figure 3, for carbon concentrations up to 0.21 weight-percent. 3.14 (diameter 2) (diameter 2) length, (width wall thickness) wall thickness 4 length, (outer diameter wall thickness) wall thickness 3.14 length, volume = 3.14 (1/2 2) (1/2 2) 48, steel weight = 9.42477 in 0.2836 lb/in, Calculate Ping Pong Balls to Fill a Swimming Pool, Step Three: Multiply the Volume by the Density. Strength and hardness increases are essentially linear up to 0.10 weight-percent carbon; above this value carbides are present and, while hardness increases slightly, there is no increase in strength. Green wood will be substantially heavier due to its water content. Oe (oxygen equivalent) = 2/3 C + 2N + O..(9). Quickly compute total and piece weights for estimating material and shipping costs. %%EOF

<<80518146695E6D43A04D4B86FE619FC4>]>> 0000004068 00000 n noted at the 0.1 weight percent impurity level, strengths of electrorefined titanium base Ti-C, Ti-O, and Ti-N alloys are approximately 10,000 pounds per square inch lower than iodide titanium-base alloys. volume = 9.42477 in. An anneal of 30 minutes at 700 C. in vacuum preceded the final reduction of 65 percent. Ductility, as measured by tensile elongation, shows a decrease of approximately 34 percent for oxygen contents up to 0.11 weight-percent, and appears. The weight will be calculated per piece and as a total lot. (outer diameter wall thickness) wall thickness 3.14 length. If there has been a slight discrepancy between values, they have been averaged to come up with the most accurate measure possible.

Select a shape and material, then select the size to calculate the weight of the metal or alloy. In the present work, data for oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon (up to 0.12 weight-percent carbon), added singly to electrorefined titanium, fit a straight line (fig. 0000001179 00000 n