II. Setting Indian preferences aside, the Georgia legislature demanded a fulfillment of the promise to extinguish Indian landholdings in the state in return for its 1802 ceding of western land claims. Jackson received 178 of 261 electoral votes and became the first president from a western state; however, the massive outpouring of popular support for Jackson frightened men of wealth and influence. They also used blacklists to prevent unionized workers from being hired by other companies. Which of the two is most likely to consist of members that opposed the US Supreme Courts decision in. They remained opposed to the powerful Clinton machine, though they were considered the less influential group until the War of 1812 brought a change of fortune. The Election of 1824 With the democratization of politics, the aristocratic Federalist Party virtually disappeared, and the Republicans broke up into competing factions. Tammany Hall members adopted many Native American terms and symbols, for example calling their meeting hall a wigwam and their leader a Grand Sachem., They made early alliances with such figures as then-Senator Aaron Burr and the politically powerful Clinton family in New York, though DeWitt Clinton would later become a political opponent. Famers, debtors, and western miners were not satisfied and continued to press for the unlimited coinage of silver. The most far-reaching battle of the Adams administration came over tariffs; Adamss Tariff of 1824 protected manufacturers in New England and Pennsylvania against imports of more expensive woolen and cotton textiles as well as iron goods. What is the difference between authority and coercion? boss revenge cartoonist nast Tammany members supported the War of 1812, which proved to be politically popular among New York voters. When a vast majority of Cherokees had not departed to the new territory by the deadline of May 1838, President Martin Van Buren ordered General Winfield Scott to forcibly march them 1,200 miles to the new Indian Territorya journey remembered as the Trail of Tears. Jacksons main priority was to destroy Clays American System. C. The Bank War By collecting notes and regularly demanding specie, the Second Bank of the United States kept state banks from issuing too many notespreventing monetary inflation and higher prices. When did the Progressive Era begin and when did it end? Lacking adequate specie and without a national bank to turn to, domestic banks suspended all payments in specie. ] ^ During the Gilded Age, political machines thrived. When did the Second Industrial Revolution begin? His political machine played a major role in controlling New York City politics. Poor immigrants were guaranteed help with jobs and housing, even legal help if they needed it, all in exchange for votes on Election Day. The bank war escalated into an all-out political battle. As a congressman, Clay had promoted the American System, an integrated program of national economic development. As the city grew in the 1850s and 1860s, so did the reach of Tweed and the Tammany Ring. Still, unlike most of the contemporary world, the United States now had universal white male suffrage and a highly organized system of representative government that was responsive to ordinary citizens. whose members Tammany supporters berated as elite and hostile to the middle classes. Americans began to turn to government in order to advance business, religious, and cultural causes. He also approved the development of a modern American navy and began to question the high protective tariffs. During the Gilded Age, economic instability inspired agrarian activists to create the Peoples (Populist) Party. Initially it affected only 14,000 of the 100,000 government jobs, but it would expand over time. To deter migration to the western states, the elites in most eastern legislatures grudgingly accepted a broader franchise for their states. Roosevelt's secretary of war, then president after Roosevelt, then later chief justice of the US, Illustrated how the cult of domesticity could evolve into a broader view of women's social and political responsibilities, Goal was to legislate a ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages. Ward politics were eliminated in favor of city-wide officials. Jackson won the election of 1832, jettisoned Calhoun as vice president, and chose Martin Van Buren instead. Jacksonian populists embraced a small government outlook, based on classical liberalism, or laissez-faire; in public, at least, they attacked government-granted special privileges and celebrated the power of ordinary people. Congress approved only a few of Adamss proposals for internal improvements, such as a short extension of the National Road. In Americas traditional agricultural society, wealthy notables dominated the political system and managed local elections by building up supporting factions. The group declared itself opposed to Alexander Hamilton and his. Originally known as the Society of St. Tammany or the Columbian Order, the group modelled itself after a similar association organized in Philadelphia in 1772 whose stated purpose was to promote pure Americanism., The name Tammany came from Chief Tammanend, a Lenni-Lenape Chief who had negotiated in the 1600s with William Penn in an effort to achieve peaceful coexistence with the Quaker colonists. In the North, Democratic strength came from big city political machines and immigrant vote. He led a Tammany-packed Board of Alderman that came to be known as the Forty Thieves, appointing police officers, licensing saloons, and running the city court systems. In Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) the Supreme Court denied Indian independence; however, in Worcester v. Georgia (1832) the Supreme Court voided Georgias extension of state law over the Indians. The farmers alliance movement provided the foundation of a new policy party the Peoples, or, The direct popular election of US senators (instead of being picked by the state legislatures). He declared states were sovereign within their borders and he withdrew the federal troops that had protected Indian enclaves. In 1840 the Whigs nominated William Henry Harrison, victor of the Battle of Tippecanoe, for president and John Tyler for vice president. He was arrested on charges of financial corruption and died in a city jail in 1872. Keys to Van Burens political success were his systematic use of party newspapers to promote a platform and drum up the vote and his use of patronage; he and his party made six thousand political appointments in New York. In July, on his way to vacation in New England, Garfield was shot while walking toward the train by Charles J. Guiteau, a deranged lawyer and disappointed office seeker. Although Jackson received nationwide support, no candidate received an absolute majority in the electoral college, so members of the House of Representatives had to choose the president. APUSH Study Group Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. His demise did not mean the end of Tammany power, however. Employers argued that such agreements violated both the common law and legislative statutes that prohibited conspiracies in restraint of trade; judges usually agreed. Though Seminoles were the exception, the national government had forced the removal of most eastern Indian peoples to the West. Taking credit for achieving this goal in 1821, Tammany began to attract support among the growing Irish immigrant population and its membership and influence grew. He wanted to put the nations jobless to work building roads. His demise did not mean the end of Tammany power, however. By the mid-1820s only a few statesNorth Carolina, Virginia, Rhode Island required the ownership of freehold property for voting. formed by Alice Paul, who was impatient with NAWSA's state-by-state approach. After 1877, the Democrats could count on winning every election in the former state of the Confederacy. By 1843 most unions had disappeared. In contrast, Tammany members saw themselves as the bastion of Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican principles. Tylerwho was more like a Democrat when it came to economic issueswas hostile toward the Second Bank and the American System. A silver standard? Which of the two were factory owners most like to support? Congress selected William Crawford as the official candidate, yet the other candidates refused to accept the selection and sought support among ordinary voters. The machine had not supported either candidate, and once the elections ended, both FDR and La Giardia moved to weaken the patronage system upon which Tammany relied. Many Whig voters previously were Anti-Masons, members of a powerful but short-lived political movement of the late 1820s. He implemented the new civil service system and vetoed hundreds of private pension bills for those falsely claiming to have served or been injured in the Civil War. N Economics estimated unemployment at 2 million or 15% of the labor force. In 1883, Congress passed the Pendleton Act to reform the civil service. Most states mounted a constitutional revolutionextending the vote to all white men, reapportioning legislatures on the basis of population, and mandating the election of officials. D. Indian Removal In the late 1820s whites in both the West and East called for the resettlement of the Indians west of the Mississippi River. He organized political clubs throughout the city, involved women and children in family activities, and took on a patina of respectability. Which of the two was founded in 1854 by opponents of the KansasNebraska Act? With this support he could 'climb higher' and at the same time. They would find jobs and apartments for recently arrived immigrants and show up at a poor familys door with baskets of food during hard times. Boss Tweed, according to cartoonist Thomas Nast, A corrupt American politician who exemplified the idea of the "political machine" (April 3, 1823 April 12, 1878). Ten questions designed to help students review for the annual exam and that relate to government, political parties, and the rules and laws that existed between 18701900. Employers attacked the union movement and brought lawsuits to overturn closed shop agreements that required them to hire only union members. In the opening chapter the author hints at his advice for consumers if they want to help the factory workers he has met and it can be summed up as. The group took a more political turn in 1789 when it incorporated with the stated purpose of opposition to the rule of the Federalist Party, which they saw as too aristocratic. As the power of the notables declined, the political party emerged as the organizing force in the American system of government. In addition to removing greenbacks, Congress also stopped the. B. The citys millionaire business class mounted a brief challenge to Tammany control in the 1890s, opening investigations into police corruption and funding political candidates, but as the century ended, Tammany politicians and organizers remained powerful and prosperous. The result was a profound reduction in the purview and powers of the national government. E. The Jacksonian Impact Jackson permanently expanded the authority of the nations chief executive, using the rhetoric of popular sovereignty to declare that the president is the direct representative of the American people. Which was most likely supported by the New Immigrants? Catholics? Give one argument in favor of and one argument in opposition to the claim that the Populist Party was a successful political party.

They made early alliances with such figures as then-Senator Aaron Burr and the politically powerful Clinton family in New York, though DeWitt Clinton would later become a political opponent. Jackson had Secretary of the Treasury Roger B. Taney withdraw the governments gold from the Second Bank and deposit it in state pet banks. Does the involvement of Native Americans in gaming operations today help or hurt the economy? Boss William Marcy Tweed stamped the Society indelibly with the taint of urban boss corruption. Some state courts also issued injunctions, orders that prohibited workers from picketing or striking. It depleted the gold reserve of the US Treasury.

In 1837 Taneys decisions enhanced the regulatory role of state governments (Mayor of New York v. Milne) and restored some of the states economic powers (Briscoe v. Bank of Kentucky). Even as they campaigned for a more egalitarian society, workers formed unions to bargain for higher wages for themselves. In the 1880s, Kelly was succeeded by his protg, Richard Croker, a man who expanded reach of the Tammany machine beyond anything Boss Tweed could have imagined. Jackson gave full support to Georgia. High school APUSH teacher with much in-class and online teaching experience. The Decline of the Notables and the Rise of Parties Expansion of the franchise was the most dramatic expression of the democratic revolution; beginning in the late 1810s, many states revised their constitutions to give the franchise to nearly every white male farmer and wage earner. To pay their foreign loans and commercial debts, Americans had to withdraw specie from domestic banks. The Gilded Age began shortly before the start of Americas Second Industrial Revolution and ended ten years after the start of the Progressive Era. It also overlapped the Era of Reconstruction. Originally known as the, , the group modelled itself after a similar association organized in Philadelphia in 1772 whose stated purpose was to promote pure Americanism., , a Lenni-Lenape Chief who had negotiated in the 1600s with William Penn in an effort to achieve peaceful coexistence with the Quaker colonists. Jacksons opponents in the Senate passed a resolution censuring the president for acting independently of Congress, although Jackson ultimately won out. Charles Francis Murphy, who led the machine in the first two decades of the new century, made some efforts to clean up the organizations image but Tammany leaders managed to hang onto the reins of power using many of the same tactics that had worked for decades. By the early 1800s, Tammany leaders had to reassess their political direction. The core of their strength came from men in business and the middle-class, Anglo-Saxon Protestants, many of who supported temperance or prohibition. In August, the worst month, factories and mines across the country shut down. The African American Civil Rights Movement? At Jacksons request, Congress passed a Force Bill authorizing the use of the army and navy to force South Carolinas obedience. They realized they were being eclipsed by the Clinton political organization, and Aaron Burrs appeal faded after his duel with Alexander Hamilton. He and a companion were clubbed and then arrested for trespassing. What is a tariff? What is mean by the term currency issue in the content of the Gilded Age? A rushed review of Groundhog Day (1993), and some related, peripheral thoughts. The government regulation of social issues? Roosevelts national relief programs were more effective than Tammany charities. The influx of Irish immigrants arriving in New York City in the wake of the Potato Famine further expanded Tammanys numbers and influence. Over the next five years American diplomatic pressure and military power forced seventy Indian nations to sign treaties and move west of the Mississippi. l Which of the two is most closely associated with the New Deal? Appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court by Jackson, Roger B. Taney persuaded the Court to give constitutional legitimacy to Jacksons policies of antimonopoly and states rights. He eventually attracted the censure of reform-minded journalists and disgruntled competitors and was finally toppled by the joint efforts of the. Tammany Hall members adopted many Native American terms and symbols, for example calling their meeting hall a wigwam and their leader a Grand Sachem.. Harrison was voted into the White House, and the Whigs had a majority in Congress, but a month later Harrison died of pneumonia, so Tyler became president. In New York, Republican Senator Roscoe Conkling became a powerful leader of his party by dictating who in the Republican ranks would be appointed to lucrative jobs in the New York Customs House. When Chief Black Hawk and his followers refused to move from their rich farmland in western Illinois, Jackson sent troops to expel them, which resulted in the army pursuing him into the Wisconsin Territory and engaging in the brutal eight-hour Bad Axe Massacre of 1832. Which of the two today consists of members that are likely to support all or most of the following: Environmental protection, support for organized labor, affordable college tuition, universal health care, LGBT rights, stricter gun laws, abortion rights, and the legalization of marijuana. Political paralysis is a term frequently associated with the era as it was largely marked with stalemates, incompetence, and corruption. Disregarding southern opposition, northern Jacksonians joined with the supporters of Adams and Clay to enact the Tariff of 1828, which raised duties on raw materials, textiles, and iron goods. The contestthe great log cabin campaignwas the first time two well-organized parties competed for the loyalties of a mass electorate, using organized public events to draw in voters. The Tariff and Nullification Although opposition to the Tariff of 1828 helped Jackson to win the election, a major political crisis saddled him with protecting it. Still, there are some things worth mentioning. 8 9 = > f g He was arrested on charges of financial corruption and died in a city jail in 1872. Learn on the go with our new app. candidate of Socialist Party of America, Survival of the fittest in society and business - poor deserve to be where they are, Banned interstate commerce products made by child labor, 8-hour workday for interstate railway workers, Accident & injury protection to federal workers, 1919 - outlawed manufacture, sale, transport of alcoholic beverages, 1920 - gave women suffrage, success of Progressive Era, Inspired by eugenics - control of reproduction to alter organisms, Educational reformer - schools potent engines of social change, First generation of reformers to attempt reliving poverty, Political reformer to oust San Francisco political machine boss, Detroit reform mayor - brought honesty to city hall - got rid of political machines, Wisconsin governor wants to regulate railroads, mines, other businesses.