Logging of white fir has to be timed appropriately. A native tree, the Oregon ash is found throughout the Pacific Northwest's interior valleys, along streams and in wet sites. Broadleaves are deciduous (not evergreen) trees. The only absolute requirement for quaking aspen is lots of sunlight.

Its seed is eaten by squirrels and other rodents, and seedlings are often browsed extensively by deer. Average annual temperature ranges from 38F to 49 F and annual precipitation ranges from 45 to 130 inches. Usually in the understory, found throughout western Oregon on moist, well-drained sites. It can grow at elevations of 1,600 to 5,000 feet in southwestern Oregon and on the lower, interior slopes of Oregons Coast and Cascade ranges. Fruit is single-seeded bracts known as samarasthat resemble little canoes. Under intensive management, rotations of 50 years or less can be used.

Even tree experts often refer to tree guides.

Trees in riparian areas can also reduce water temperatures and improve stream conditions for fish. This is one reason they also do well in British Columbia and Montana where the winters are harsh. This means that it can colonize recently disturbed sites and continues to dominate them for hundreds of years. The understory of these kinds of forests include snowberry, heartleaf arnica and antelope bitterbush, and is typically inhabited by chickadees, squirrels and Stellars jays. It is most abundant on sites where summer drought is minimal, such as areas of heavy rainfall, seepageor prolonged snowmelt. Do the needles have different colors? Rabbits, mice, beaver and grouse may eat the bark, and deer eat the stems.

means split into two. The Sitka spruce weevil attack the terminal leaders of Sitka spruce when it is grown away from the foggy coastal environment. The first thing you notice about the Lebanon cedar is the large wide horizontal branches. Climate

Commercially its lumber is used for veneer, pulpwoodand many specialty items. Character

Grazers like deer, black bear and elk tend to love these areas. Range The ability to get up close to the tree you want to identify, Click here to start using the Dichotomous key. Character Management Climate An evergreen broadleaf tree up to 100 feet tall.

Native to the Pacific Northwest, Pacific silver fir ranges from southern Alaska to northern California.

Deer and elk will eat leaves and twigs. Pacific Yew is often an understory itself. Floor to ceiling, you'll find Douglas-fir structural lumber and products in homes throughout the world. Range

In fact, its needles and bark are resistant to salt spray. Range It is recommended that the alder is harvested rather than left to die out naturally, as Douglas-fir, western red cedar and more red alder can be planted in harvested areas, allowing for regrowth over the following decades. The bigleaf maple has the largest leaves of all the maples, hence the name. Climate Combinations of all these factors help determine the dominant tree species of an area.

Its wood is very strong for its weight, which has led to its many specialty uses in aircraft frames, racing shells, ladders and folding bleachers. This tree can live well over 500 years with some found over 800 years old!

Its needles are blue-green in color, about 1 inch long with a white color underneath. Range Character It is native to western North Americaand is found within 250 miles of the Pacific coast where soil is moist and the air is humid. Just ask your pharmacist This gives the overall appearance that it is quaking or trembling, hence the scientific name tremuloides.

On wetter sites, along streams and lakes, youll often find western azalea within Port-Orford-Cedar communities. In recent years a diseasecalledSwiss needle casthas causedmanagers to consider planting western hemlock instead of Douglas-fir on many coastal sites.

Most lodgepole pine stands develop after fire or logging. When you examine a trees leaves, what should you look for? Curious about a tree on your property? White alder is a medium, broadleaf tree up to 120 feet tall.

Subalpine fir is a middle- to upper-elevation mountain conifer. In general, Oregon's redwoods are found on mountainous slopes, rather than in river bottoms like their California counterparts. It is also an important timber tree and is used to make Venetian blinds, sashes, doors and interior finish millwork because of its light, strong, fine-grained wood. By providing cover, it assists in rehabilitating the landscape and protecting watersheds. At use in landscaping and urban settings, its understory is often determined by design.

Its not surprising that its lumber is also valued for construction requiring lightweight strength.

Character It loves moist sites along streams and near springs or other wet areas, and it tends to be more prominent in the foothills of the Cascades and Coast Range where rainfall is heavier than on the valley floor. Knobcone pines are tough trees, often growing in the poorest soils, so mature trees vary greatly in size from 25 to 75 feet tall depending on soils and other conditions.

Female flowers, or strobiles, develop into reddish dangling cone-like dry fruit in autumn. Master Gardener. Flowers are highly fragrant, and the smooth bark is dark brown to red with small gray interrupted bands. Range . Climate

As a smaller, tree, Oregon ash is often an understory tree species itself. Fire kills the above-ground portion of the shrub, but it resprouts fairly readily after fire, and in factAmerican IndiansinCaliforniaandOregonused fire to encourage hazelnut growth. The dense growth of Pacific silver fir provides cover and protection during the winter for wildlife. Subalpine fir grows in forests that occupy the highest water-yield areas in much of the western United States, and are therefore highly significant in water management and conservation. The needles are known for being stinky when crushed.

Parts of the bitter cherry tree were used for poultices and bark infusions by Native Americans.

In drier areas like southwestern and eastern Oregon, management practices can include individual tree and small-group selection harvests, resulting in uneven-aged stands.

Grows throughout the West but also spans Canada and the northern U.S. The leaves are flat and dark green and arranged in a spiral on the stem. Management Today, reforestation efforts are underway but hampered by the presence of firs and other trees that took over the western white pine's range when this species died back. The western white pine is prized as a commercial species because of a long straight trunk that runs free of branches for up to two-thirds of its length. Natural regenerating stands will self-thin over time, but respacing and thinning help with density and yield. Understory It is an important riparian species for habitat. Range It features tiny flowers, each with five greenish-yellow petals.

Native Americans used the wood of the dogwood as a blood purifier and to help with stomach problems. It is easily identified by its stalked cones, which are slender, curved and grow from 5 to 15 inches long. Understory

Protecting our water source If youre dealing with a conifer, are the needles fairly evenly spaced along the branch, or are they bunched together in a clump or a fan-like shape? Character Cascara means bark in Spanish. Some trees grow really well in western Oregon but not eastern Oregon, and vice versa. Theyre four to six inches long, barrel-shaped and have little flips or whiskers. Needles run parallel with the twig for 1/8 inch and then curve away, shaped like a hockey stick.

Fruit is small and purple with a single seed inside. They may form climax forests on sites with deep pumice and volcanic ash. Pretty much all Oregon trees can be split into two big categories: conifers and broadleaves. Paper birch develops best on well-drained sites and will not tolerant harsh conditions, heator waterlogging, and is susceptible to insects and diseases in warmer climates. Ponderosa pine forests are widely distributed in eastern Oregon, ranging in elevation from 2,500 to 6,000 feet. Hemlock is well known for its gorgeous wood, but it is also a source of different kinds of food. Although the willow is a riparian-loving tree and is often found on the edge of streams and other water sources, it can also thrive in other locations. Its by far the most common tree species in western Oregon, but its easy to find them in eastern Oregon too. Incense-cedar can grow up to 150 feet. The species is hardy to at least -4F, but growth and survival are poor in high rainfall areas, so planting should be confined to warmer areas with moderate annual rainfall. The juniper tree can survive in arid climates because of its ability to draw and store water. It grows best in full sunlight. Oregons most popular It was officially introduced into cultivation about 1831, although it hasbeen grown in Chinese parks and gardens for centuries. Character It is the tallest broadleaf tree in western North America. Management Douglas-fir forests grow under a wide variety of conditions.

And if you see many little trees near one another, they may just be coming from the same root system. If you said that Oregons forests belong to everyone, youd be 64 percent right.

Acorns formed a staple food throughout much of Oregon and were eaten in the form of a soup, mush, breador patties. Climate And if you ever have questions about the health or safety of any of your trees, give us a call!

The bark appears blistered on young trees and purplish-gray to reddish-brown on mature trees with flattened ridges. Its droopy branches that flip up at the end are unique to the western redcedar. You Say Hazelnut, I Say Filbert Management

Understory vegetation is generally sparse under California black oak, although shrubs may become abundant and competitive after fire or cutting. Are you planning to try the key? Management Management Management Its range extends south from British Columbia and from western Montana to northeastern Oregon, with a preference for deep, porous soils and gentle slopes. Its seeds are both disseminated and eaten by insects, birds, and small mammals such as mice, chipmunksand tree squirrels.

Character The knobcone pine can be found on dry, rocky slopes and ridges of the coastal mountain ranges of southern Oregon to BajaCalifornia. Coast redwood is the rarest forest type in Oregon. The Engelmann spruce is a large tree, averaging 30 inches in diameter and 90 feet in height, reaching mature size in about 150 years. They are very susceptible to insect attacks, especially mountain pine beetles, and are frequently threatened by fire. Character We have Lewis and Clark to thank for the lodgepole pines name.

The Jeffrey pine can occupy a diverse range of climatic conditions, from the arid slopes bordering deserts to the edges of moist, high mountain meadows. If thats not possible, take several detailed pictures of the tree before you start using the key.

It is a high-altitude species in the north of its range, thriving in altitudes of 4,900 to 6,900 feet where the usually faster-growing ponderosa pine does poorly. Character

It is found primarily in northern California, extending through the Klamath Mountains into southwestern Oregon. . Understory Do they have lobes or are they basically oval?

It often looks like a perfect pyramid when young, but will grow twisted and rumpled as it matures.

OR CALL: 1.855.TREES.NW Climate Climate The understory of Oregon white oak woodlands tends to be dominated by shade-tolerant trees, shrubs and bushes. Lodgepole pine is a pioneer species that rapidly colonizes disturbed sites and often gives way to more shade-tolerant species like ponderosa pine and grand fir. The juniper berry is actually a cone, with soft scales that rarely open. The Jeffrey pine may live 400 to 500 years, and can attain immense size, typically 4 to 6 feet in diameterand 170 to 200 feet in height. Management The leaves and shoots are highly prized as food for many wildlife species, including deer, elk and beaver. It grows on the western side of the state, spanning from British Columbia down into northern California. Incense-cedar is often found on drier sites in the southern Willamette Valley and continue into the mountains of southwestern and eastern Oregon. On cooler sites, manzanita and western serviceberry occurfrequently, with beargrass common to all sites. Climate Understory

Youll also find stands at lower elevations along stream bottoms where cold air flows down the valley and collects in localized frost pockets. Youll find the Sitka spruce in moist, well-drained sites along the coast, seldom more than 20 miles inland. It is the largest mountain oak in the West. Elderberry and blackberry are also found, making it an ideal place for many mammals and birds. 29800 NE Raintree Ln, Newberg, OR 97132 They may just be made from incense-cedar.

California black oak provided a fountain of resources to Native Americans of Oregon, including food, medicine, dyes, utensils, games, toysand construction materials. Management Range The mystical giant The lodgepole grows slim and straight, and even today it is preferred for log homes, utility poles and posts. White fir is found in areas characterized by a moderately humid climate with long winters with heavy snowfall. California black oak is adapted to a climate characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters. They have flat, thin leaves and shed them in the winter.



Understory Pacific yew is widely distributed in the Pacific Northwest, yet seldom found in large concentrations. Propeller-shaped seeds are called samaras and are what children of all ages often use to play helicopters..

The white fir is a large forest tree typically 60 to 200 feet in height, and can live up to 300 years or more. The typical elevation range of the sugar pine is from 1,100 to 5,400 feet in the Cascade Range. Birds and small mammals will eat the fruits, but humans can get sick from them as they are, as their name indicates, quite bitter. Many animals including squirrels, chipmunks, jays, grouse and pheasant eat the nuts. If its a broadleaf, what are the leaves shaped like?

Its understory consists of shade- and moisture-tolerant shrubs and ferns. The trunk bark is dark and covered with small plates. An unburned knobcone pine cone will remain closed even after its host treehas decayed and fallen;it can stay viable for up to 50 years. Character Male cones are purple to dark red and female cones are reddish-brown and located near the top of the crown.

Are they thick and leathery or thin and delicate? Chokecherries were the most important fruit in several Native American tribes, as it was not only used for food but for medicinal purposes as well, including the treatment of fevers and colds.

The understory consists of grasses and shrubs such as green-leaf manzanita, buckbrush, bitterbrush and snowberry. Understory

Because of its intolerance to shade, western larch is managed with even-aged techniques such as clearcutting, shelterwoodand seed tree cuttings that encourage soil disturbance and improve chances for natural regeneration. It generally occupies sites with a short growing season caused by cold winters, cool summers, frequent summer frostsand heavy snowpack. The undisputed champion of the building industry Both beauty and versatility

Dense thickets of bitter cherry provide important cover for wildlife and roosting sites. There are 30 native coniferous species and 37 native species of broadleaf trees.

Although it can survive dry spells, it tends to love cool weather and can even survive harsh winter conditions with temperatures down to -100 F! Check out these resources: Photos: Roland Tanglao, ~Cytryna~, James Hillyerd, Tracie Hall, Daniel Lee, Oregon CCB# 143287

The Pacific silver fir is popular among landscapers because its silver leaves and bark and deep purple cones provide a regal combination. The sugar pine grows in a wide variety of soils derived from rocks of volcanic, graniticand sedimentary origin, but grows best in well-drained loams and sandy loams.

Management Climate Are the leaves compounded (lots of leaves fanning out from a single twig) or are they simple (single leaves sticking off of twigs or small branches)?