02.740.11.0277) and the Programme of the Federal Agency for Education Development of Research Potentials for Higher Education (Grant no. (1) The main part of genera is evidently associated with the southward areas of each continent. This means that the main events determining the modern character of the boreal fauna could take place during the Quaternary period. The Orthopterists' Society is an international organization devoted to the encouragement of research and communication of Part 1,, J. Goslvez, C. Lpez-Fernndez, and E. Morales Agacino, Algunas consideraciones sobre el papel que como organsmo indicador del estado de ciertos prados de alta montaa juega el Melanoplus frigidus strandi (Fruhst.) In North America, it occupies the significant part of the so-called Spruce-Caribou Biome [3] and almost corresponds to the united boreal life zone sensu Merriam [4]. Chorthippus intermedius (B.-Bien.) Prumna primnoa and Zubovskya koeppeni are dominants on openings. It is interesting that the majority of endemics are from two acridid tribes: Melanoplini (Figure 2) and Chrysochraontini (Figure 3). Thus, compared to the orthopteran assemblages of the southward territories [39, 40], the assemblages described from the boreal zone are usually characterized by the low levels of species diversity and abundance. Chernyakhovskiy [14, 25] described main parameters for the assemblages of Orthoptera in the middle taiga of European Russia (Pechoro-Ilychskiy State Reserve). [28] described ecological distribution and assemblages of grasshoppers in the habitats of the southern part of Yukon. As a result, the boreal zone is populated by both endemic taxa and extremely abundant species which can form outbreaks during droughts. Almost all widely distributed species are associated either with the subboreal areas, especially with the prairies and forest-prairies in the inner territories of North America, or with the mixed and deciduous forest areas of the Atlantic coast (Figures 2 and 3). ), Oedipoda caerulescens (L.), Sphingonotus caerulans (L.), Tetrix undulata (Sow. ), Omocestus haemorrhoidalis (Charp. The abundance of the first one is relatively high. are the most abundant form in different meadow habitats. Storozhenko, Fauna i naselenie priamokrylych nasekomyh (Orthoptera) ostrova Sakhalin, in, V. R. Vickery, Orthopteroid insects (Orthoptera) of the Yukon, in, A. Albrecht, Utbredningen av rtvingar, kackerlackor och tvestjrtar i stra Fennoskandien (Orthoptera, Blattodea, Dermaptera),. dominates in the bog ecosystems. In the boreal part of Sakhalin, Storozhenko [15] found orthopteran assemblages similar to the continental ones. It reflects the southern thermophilic character of these insects and the association of most species with grassland ecosystems. Several related genera (e.g., Bruneria McNeilStenobothrus Fisch.) In North America, the local endemics investigated are associated with the mountains steppes [28]. Bruneria yukonensis Vickery is distributed in the southern part of Yukon [16, 28]. This part of the boreal zone is very specific due to short, but hot and often dry summer season. [19]. Bol.)) In the absence of adequate fossil data, an applicable approach may be based on a complex analysis of the limiting factors, adaptations to particular living conditions, and the optimum conditions, which may be evaluated based on the species range shape and the population distribution within the range [6, 41, 42]. Vickery [10] emphasized that only a few species are found in the tundra of this continent. ), Trimerotropis verruculata (Kirby), Melanoplus borealis (Fieb. Several published papers [14, 15, 2228] describing orthopteran assemblages in different parts of the boreal zone were also used. 49 Besides that, many local grasshoppers prefer to lay egg pods on leaves, in leaf axils, grass stems, rotten woods, leaf litter, and in the upper soil layer [11, 13, 14, 17]. Bey-Bienko, K voprosu o zonalno-ecologicheskom raspredelenii saranchevyh (Orthoptera, Acrididae) v Zapadno-Sibirskoy i Zaisanskoi nizmennostiah,, M. E. Chernyakhovskiy, Saranchovye basseyna Podkamennoi Tunguski (Vostochnaya Sibir) i cherty ih ekologii, in, M. E. Chernyakhovskiy, Gruppirovki saranchovyh Tomsow oblasti, in, M. E. Chernyakhovskiy, Raspredelenie priamokrylyh nasekomyh (Orthoptera) v biocenozah Severnogo Urala, in, R. I. Karelina, K faune priamokrylyh (Orthoptera) Yuzhnoj Yakutii,, D. I. Berman and V. G. Mordkovich, Entomologicheskie osobennosti pripolarnyh stepey Yakutii,, D. I. Berman, S. Yu. He also emphasized the role of an enormous invasion of strange fauna swept over Europe from the East (p. 1519). Relationships between genera (e.g., BruneriaStenobothrus, Chloealtis HarrisChrysochraon Fisch., Ageneotettix McNeilDociostaurus Fieb.) The genus Paracyphoderris Storozhenko (with one speciesP. The widely distributed species usually inhabiting different meadows and steppes could spread over the boreal zone during glaciations when open habitats (tundras, tundra-steppes, and cold steppes) occupied huge territories in North Asia. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions In the main part of the zone, orthopteran assemblages are composed from widely distributed species usually inhabiting the broad variety of life zones and ecosystems. The similar situation is in the dry parts of central Yakutia, in which Chorthippus albomarginatus, Aeropus sibiricus, Glyptobothrus maritimus, and Omocestus haemorrhoidalis are the most common species over all meadow and steppe-like habitats. A scheme for the regionalization of North and Central Asia is proposed.

), Metrioptera brachyptera (L.), Decticus verrucivorus (L.), Tetrix subulata (L.), and T. fuliginosa (Zett.). membership database with the expertise of its members, announcements and a list of it publications with prices and purchasing One of the principal results of retrospective views on faunas and populations is the opportunity to forecast their possible changes in the future. This pattern may be determined by the rather complicated mosaic of mountain slopes, river valleys, and plateaus. The general pattern of ecological distribution of boreal Orthoptera is relatively simple: they prefer different types of meadows, steppes, edges, openings, river valleys, and bogs. C to Local endemics may be eliminated due to high rates of changes. Another specific feature is presence of several species of the genus Melanoplus Stl. The distribution patterns of Orthoptera are described for the boreal zone. M.S. ), and Cloealtis abdominalis are the most abundant grasshoppers in the different mountain tundra. ), which have populations outside the boundaries of the boreal zone, but above the timberline. ), M. fasciatus (F. Both authors noted that there are several widely distributed species, mainly from Acrididae and Tetrigidae. Many species are widely distributed in the boreal zone of North America, usually from Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic one. Two North American species may be characterized as subendemics of the boreal zone with relatively broad ranges. (Orthoptera). Retrospective and prospective of the boreal fauna of Orthoptera are also discussed. Hence, their possibility to migrate is very limited. abdominalis (Thomas), Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris), Pardalophora apiculata (Harris), Camnula pellucida (Scudd. As one knows, reconstruction of the past of many taxa faces numerous problems. Uvarov [48] noted that the orthopteran fauna of the northern Palaearctic area, especially in Europe, was seriously suffered during last glaciations. They often occur in the northern parts of the taiga and, in some cases, penetrate in the tundra, especially either in the European or Beringian ones. Although they are ecologically diverse and prefer various types of habitats (from mountain tundras to openings and meadows), the nemoral origin of almost all of them is evident. Kevan, A monograph of the orthopteroid insects of Canada and adjacent regions,, V. R. Vickery, The northern Nearctic Orthoptera: their origin and survival, in, P. U. Clark, A. S. Dyke, J. D. Shakun et al., The last glacial maximum,, A. V. Latchininsky, Grasshopper problems in Yakutia (Eastern Siberia, Russia) grasslands,, M. G. Sergeev, Ecogeographical distribution of Orthoptera, in, M. G. Sergeev, Soobstshestva saranchovyh (Orthoptera, Acrididae) preriy Velikih Ravnin. Their relatives are quite different from the zoogeographic and taxonomic points of view and occur in boreal and subboreal Eurasia (Sphagniana sphagnorum and Aeropedellus arcticus), in the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains (Xanthippus brooksi and Bruneria yukonensis), and in the temperate areas of North America (Melanoplus gordonae). which occurs in the central part of the boreal life zone. The only Podismopsis silvestris is found in the spruce forest [15]. This grasshopper is found only here. Grasshoppers occupying the boreal zone will shift the northern boundaries of their ranges northwards, up to Arctic Ocean. This is especially important for the high montane forms occurred above timberline, because their native landscapes will disappear. Beside that, this area is near the northern boundary of the Manchurian Subregion of the Palaearctic. Distribution of higher taxa, genera, and species shows that the position of their range boundaries is chiefly determined by current conditions, mainly zonality and continentality. The endemic Podismopsis silvestris is the only species inhabiting plots of the spruce forests with green mosses. ), and Pholidoptera griseoaptera (Deg. (Figures 13). The Society administers a small grants program primarily for graduate students and ], Chrysochraon dispar, Aeropus sibiricus, and Podisma pedestris are abundant here. He suggested that such grasshoppers might survive glaciations (especially the last one) in Beringia where some refugia with relatively mild and dry climate existed. Walk.) ), settles all more or less open habitats. Beside that, one should note that some data for beetles show that spreading rates of terrestrial insects during glacial-interglacials changes might be enough for their wide distribution [50]. Uvarov [13] emphasized that the boreal area can be regarded as devoid of grasshoppers. Several species (mainly from the tribe Melanoplini and some widely distributed katydids) usually settle shrubs along forest edges [9, 13, 14]. He noted occurrence of 31 species in its western part and 44 in the eastern one (51 species in total). Compared to the fauna of the boreal Eurasia, the local fauna of Orthoptera looks like impoverished. Moreover, Melanoplus frigidus occurs only in the north-western part of North America.

The main reasons of this distinction can be significant difference both in the areas occupied by the boreal zone in North America and Eurasia (correspondingly about 5.4 and Encoptolophus costalis Scudd.) Another endemic distributed in the Pacific part of the boreal zone, namely Aeropus kudia (Caud. The boreal endemics of Eurasia and North America look like quite different.

All endemics have relatively short or no wings. (our unpublished data). dominates on the lower flood plains. ), Stenobothrus eurasius Zub., and Bryodema holdereri Kr. J. L. Capinera, R. D. Scott, and T. J. Walker, G. F. Gause, Studies on the ecology of the Orthoptera,, G. Ya. Origin of both can be explained by the refugium distribution during the last glaciations. Read the winning articles.

Two species of the genus Melanoplus were evidently evolved during the last glaciations when the areas of their origination remained off ice sheets [35]. C, the same for the coldest month, from With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. Stethophyma grossum is abundant in the assemblage of the wet flood plain meadows. Some endemic species have relatively broad ranges (usually from the Enisej River basin to Pacific ocean): Prumna polaris Mir., Zubovskya koeppeni, Podismopsis jacuta Mir., and P. gelida Mir. Tetrix tenuicornis (Sahlb.) In the boreal zone, they often settle very dry habitats, for example, openings in pine forests on sandy soils. This results in more or less simultaneous development of almost all species [13]. ), O. viridulus (L.), Chorthippus montanus (Charp. These reasons do not exclude one another. On the contrary, in Eurasia, the Asian part was almost free from plain ice sheets, but relatively small ice sheets developed in mountains and in the north-western part. Prevalence of species preferring grass layers of local ecosystems was also emphasized. The minimal diversity is in the lower flood plains and bogs. This method allowed us to obtain repeatable and comparable results for different regions and years. The sparse local populations of the Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria L.) are also found in the European taiga area [18]. C), and annual precipitation varies from relatively high near Atlantic and Pacific oceans (more than 1600mm per year) to very low in the inner parts of the continents (less than 200mm) [2]. All of them are distributed only in its eastern part. (Montana tomini (Pyln. Bey-Bienko, PriamokrylyeOrthoptera and kozhistokrylyeDermaptera, in, V. R. Vickery, The Orthoptera of Alaska, Yukon, and the Mackenzie District of the Northwest Territories,, G. Daviddowitz and M. L. Rosenzweig, The latitudinal gradient of species diversity among North American grasshoppers (Acrididae) within a single habitat: a test of the spatial heterogeneity hypothesis,, M. E. Chernyakhovskiy, Zametki o faune i ecologii priamokrylyh nasekomyh Pechoro-Ilychskogo zapovednika, in, S. Yu. information, and a membership application form. ), M. sangunipes (Fabr. Walk. They could distribute over the boreal zone from the end of the Neogene. Patterns of orthopteran distributions are described for North and Central Asia. Among them are Podisma pedestris (L.), Melanoplus frigidus, Aeropus sibiricus (L.), Aeropedellus variegatus (F.d.W. Chorthippus apricarius is common in the plain meadow habitats. Besides, several maps published by Albrecht [18] for Fennoscandia were adopted. 1992 Orthopterists' Society The main species over the flood plain meadows were Tetrix subulata, Stethophyma grossum, and Chorthippus montanus. Such studies include behavior, cytology, ecology, morphology, parasitology, physiology, systematics and taxonomy, etc. These samples were collected in some parts of the Eurasian boreal zone by the expeditions of the Department of General Biology and Ecology (Novosibirsk State University) and the Laboratory of Insect Ecology (Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals) from 1972 to 2003. The local assemblages usually include several species of grasshoppers. To access this article, please, Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. Thus, in the boreal zone of North America, the two very weak regions of Orthoptera endemism are in the western and eastern parts. Several species mainly associated with the nemoral zone of the Far East could distribute during interglacials and the climatic optimum of the Holocene [6, 9, 41].