Towers and fortresses include the Malmuerta Tower, Torre de Beln and the Puerta del Rincn's Tower. [17] The famous Cordoba Treasure, with mixed local and Roman artistic traditions, was buried in the city at this time; it is now in the British Museum. Within the gardens there are two newly renovated facilities, the old Caseta del Crculo de la Amistad, today Caseta Victoria, and the Kiosko de la msica, as well as a small, Jardines de la Agricultura, located between the Jardines de la Victoria and the Paseo de Crdoba: it includes numerous trails that radially converge to a round square which has a fountain or pond. [53][54] Al-Bayyasi asked Ferdinand III of Castile for help and Crdoba revolted against him. [122] The local youth basketball club, CD Cordobasket, had a professional team which played in the Liga EBA for three seasons before going on hiatus in August 2019.

[63] The population and economy started to increase again only in the early 20th century. [107], The Museum of Fine Arts is located next to the Julio Romero de Torres Museum which it shares a courtyard with. [41][46] An estimation of 65,000 inhabitants has been proposed for 11th-century Crdoba. In the Jardines de la Agricultura is the monument to the painter Julio Romero de Torres, a bust by sculptor Mateo Inurria, a bust of the poet Julio Aumente and the sculpture dedicated to the gardener Aniceto Garca Roldn, who was killed in the park. [78] It has the highest summer average daily temperatures in Spain and Europe (with highs averaging 36.9C (98F) in July) and days with temperatures over 40C (104F) are common in the summer months. The Mosque-Cathedral was listed as a World Heritage Site first in 1984 and this designation was extended to the rest of the historic centre in 1994. [47], In 1070, forces from the Abbadid Taifa of Seville entered Crdoba to help in the defence of the city, that had been besieged by Al-Mamun, ruler of Toledo, yet they took control and expelled the last ruler of the taifa of Crdoba, Abd-Al Malik, forcing him to exile. Between 143 and 141 BC the town was besieged by Viriatus. It underwent significant modifications in the 16th century but much of the original structure remains. It retains characteristics of Islamic architecture in the region, including a double horseshoe-arch windows. ", "La Dinasta de los Banu Di L-Nun de Toledo", "Los inicios de la hegemona castellano-leonesa y la invasin almorvide", "Por una cronologa histrica sobre el arq Al-Andalus (s. XIII)", Universidad de Alicante. [14], The first traces of human presence in the area are remains of a Neanderthal Man, dating to c. 42,000 to 35,000 BC. La moschea di Cordova.

B #206 Merced, Ca. Crdoba has the highest summer temperatures in Spain and Europe, with average high temperatures around 37C (99F) in July and August. [33] In the 10th and 11th centuries Crdoba was one of the most advanced cities in the world, and a great cultural, political, financial and economic centre. La aportacin de las fuentes rabes", "El fuero de Crdoba: edicin crtica y traduccin", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, "La poblacin andaluza en el siglo XVIII", "Datos del Registro de Entidades Locales", "World Map of the Kppen-Geiger climate classification updated", "Las ciudades donde hace ms calor de Espaa", "Valores climatolgicos extremos. Crdoba railway station is connected by high speed trains to the following Spanish cities: Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, Mlaga and Zaragoza. During these Muslim periods, Crdoba was transformed into a world leading center of education and learning, producing figures such as Averroes, Ibn Hazm, and Al-Zahrawi,[8][9] and by the 10th century it had grown to be the second-largest city in Europe. [64] Crdoba became connected by railway to Jerez and Cdiz in 1861 and, in 1866, following the link with Manzanares, with Madrid. [21], In the late Roman period, Corduba's bishop Hosius (Ossius) was the dominant figure of the western Church throughout the earlier 4th century. A major 10th-century expansion resulted in the elaborate mihrab and other ornate embellishments seen today. [citation needed], From 784- 786 AD, Abd al-Rahman I built the Great Mosque of Crdoba, one of the most famous monuments of Western Islamic (Moorish) architecture. [citation needed] Another, suggested in 1799 by Jos Antonio Conde, is that the name comes from a Phoenician-Punic qart bah meaning 'good town'. The archeological site has been open as a museum since 2006. More than 20 trains per day connect the downtown area, in 54 minutes, with Mlaga Mara Zambrano station, which provides interchange capability to destinations along the Costa del Sol, including Mlaga Airport. [58] The conquest was followed by the return to Santiago de Compostela of the church bells that had been looted by Almanzor and moved to Crdoba by Christian war prisoners in the late 10th century. Winters are mild, yet cooler than other low lying cities in southern Spain due to its interior location, wedged between the Sierra Morena and the Penibaetic System. The Governing Board, chaired by the mayor, consists of four IU councillors, three of PSOE, and three non-elected members. [b][82], The Roman Bridge, over the Guadalquivir River, links the area of Campo de la Verdad with Barrio de la Catedral. Pennsula, Islas Baleares y Canarias", "Princes and Merchants: European City Growth before the Industrial Revolution", "This city now has more UNESCO Heritage sites than anywhere in the world", "Neanderthals Died Out Earlier Than Thought", "The application of network analysis to ancient transport geography: A case study of Roman Baetica", "Crdoba, de la conquista musulmana a la conquista cristiana", "Spain from the 6th to 12th Century History", "Las monedas de los Ban ahwar de Crdoba - 422 - 462 h. / 1031-1070d.C. [43] Hisham III was routed from Crdoba on 30 November 1031 and an oligarchic republic replaced the caliphate. This Atlantic characteristic then gives way to a hot summer with significant drought more typical of Mediterranean climates. The second half of the 19th century saw the arrival of railway transport via the opening of the SevilleCrdoba line on 2 June 1859. [85][88], Along the banks of the Guadalquivir are the Mills of the Guadalquivir, an array of watermills from different periods that used the power of the water current to grind flour. [77] Both the Sierra and the Campia display viewpoints over the valley. As of 2019[update] Jos Mara Bellido Roche (PP) is the mayor of Crdoba. [80] The lowest registered temperature was 8.2C (17.2F), on 28 January 2005. [87] Later Umayyad rulers expanded the mosque, adding a minaret and extending the prayer hall. Several bus companies operate intercity bus services to and from Crdoba. It includes a large L-shaped pond with a capacity of 3,000m. Barbara Messina, Geometrie in pietra. [15] Pre-urban settlements around the mouth of the Guadalquivir river are known to have existed from the 8th century BC. Zoom in to see updated info. Yosemite Hiking trail tips. [88] It contains a museum, the Sepharad House,[96][97] and the Synagogue, built in 1315.[98]. [25], In 747, a battle in the surroundings of Crdoba, the Battle of Saqunda[es], took place, pitting Arab Yemenites against northerner Qays. Fireworks Sales Sparkle for Area Non-Profits-, Merced County-Annual Children's Summit 2022 "Demystifying Childhood Mental Health", MARINES: Central California Veterans Annual Picnic, 5 Fee Free days for Yosemite National Park in 2022 (save money at the gate). Panoramics of Crdoba as drawn by Anton van den Wyngaerde in 1567, In the context of the Early Modern Period, the city experienced a golden age between 1530 and 1580, profiting from an economic activity based on the trade of agricultural products and the preparation of clothes originally from Los Pedroches, peaking at a population of about 50,000 by 1571. Jardines del Conde de Vallellano, located on both sides of the avenue of the same name. [93][94], On the outskirts of the city lies the archaeological site of Madinat al-Zahra, the 10th-century palace-city. Ferdinand III entered the city on 29 June 1236, following a siege of several months. [104] The museum was officially opened in 1867 and shared space with the Museum of Fine Arts until 1920.

[26]:8, Following the Abbasid ousting of the Umayyad caliphate after 750, surviving Umayyad figure Abd ar-Rahman crossed to the Iberian Peninsula in 756; he proclaimed himself emir and established his dynasty in Crdoba once rump wli Yusuf was defeated at a battle outside the city in May 756. The main bus station is located next to the train station. [124], (Christian) Capilla de San Bartolom (ca. It was inaugurated on 29 April 1953 joining the Avenue Corregidor with Plaza de Andaluca. rea de Estudios rabes e Islmicos, "La conquista cristiana de Andaluca y el destino de la poblacin musulmana (621-62 H/1224-64). [86]:326[90]:137 It now houses the Al-Andalus Living Museum (Museo Vivo de Al-Andalus), a museum on the cultural achievements of Al-Andalus.

Not far from this plaza is the Arco del Portillo (a 14th-century arch). It was sacked by Caesar in 45 because of its fealty to Pompey, and resettled with veteran soldiers by Augustus. August's 24-hour average of 28.0C (82F) is also one of the highest in Europe, despite relatively cool nightly temperatures.[79]. In 1960, the museum was relocated to the Renaissance Palace of Pez de Castillo where it remains to present day. [106] The home of Julio Romero de Torres, has undergone many renovations and been turned into a museum and it has also been home to several other historical institutions such as the Archaeological Museum (1868-1917) and the Museum of Fine Arts. Further south, in the Gardens of the Duke of Rivas, is a statue of writer and poet ngel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas by sculptor Mariano Benlliure. After the Roman conquest, the town's name was Latinised as Corduba. Crdoba also has a professional futsal team, Crdoba Patrimonio de la Humanidad, which plays in the Primera Divisin de Futsal. Jardines de la Victoria. [31][32] The ruthless repression of the 818 revolt in the southern suburb of Crdoba led to the destruction of the place. [123] The futsal team plays the majority of its home games at the 3,500 seat Palacio Municipal de Deportes Vista Alegre. Other sights include the Cuesta del Bailo (a staircase connecting the upper and lower part of the city). [55] Years later, in 1229, the city submitted to the authority of Ibn Hud,[56] disavowing him in 1233, joining instead the territories under Muhammad Ibn al-Amar,[57] ruler of Arjona and soon-to-be emir of Granada. Yosemite and COVID-19 The latest update information, Hiking Sentinel Dome. [50] In 1121, the population revolted against the abuses of the Almoravid governor. In the south of the Old town and east of the great cathedral, in the Plaza del Potro, is the Posada del Potro, a row of inns mentioned in literary works including Don Quixote and La Feria de los Discretos, and which remained active until 1972. Crdoba was captured by the Muslims in 711 or 712. 95340. [20][16] The Roman philosopher Seneca the Younger, his father, the orator Seneca the Elder, and his nephew, the poet Lucan came from Roman Crdoba. [37] It was also famous as a centre of learning, home to over 80 libraries and institutions of learning,[34][38] with knowledge of medicine, mathematics, astronomy, botany far exceeding the rest of Europe at the time. [81], The historic centre of Crdoba has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994. Berbers entered and sacked Crdoba in May 1013. It was initially built in the early 1st century BC during the reign of emperor Augustus but significantly rebuilt in the 8th century under Umayyad rule. [83], Other Roman remains include the Roman Temple, the Theatre, Mausoleum, the Colonial Forum, the Forum Adiectum, an amphitheater and the remains of the Palace of Emperor Maximian in the archaeological site of Cercadilla.

The center of the Roman and Visigothic cities became the walled medina. C. F. Seybold and M. Ocaa Jimnez, "uruba", in, Amir Hussain, "Muslims, Pluralism, and Interfaith Dialogue," in, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGonzlez_Jimnez2016 (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Crdoba, Palacio Municipal de Deportes Vista Alegre, List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain, "El mapa de las nuevas alcaldas 2019-2023", "Extensin superficial, altitud y poblacin de hecho de las provincias, capitales y municipios de ms de 20.000 habitantes. Cordoba The City that Changed Thought", "Tourism in Crdoba in Andalusia, Spain | spain.info USA", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crdoba,_Spain&oldid=1098327840, Municipalities in the Province of Crdoba (Spain), Populated places established in the 3rd century BC, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from February 2022, Articles needing additional references from June 2020, Articles needing additional references from December 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Iglesia de San Hiplito. [citation needed] Crdoba was conquered by the Romans in 206 BC. [24] Unlike other Iberian towns, no capitulation was signed and the position was taken by storm. [39] The economic historian J. Bradford DeLong estimates the city's population at 400,000 around 1000 AD,[11] while estimates from other historians range from 100,000 to 1,000,000 during the same era. [108] The building originally was for the old Hospital for Charity but after that the building went under many renovations and renewals to become the renaissance style building it is today. Following the orders of the putschist General Queipo de Llano, he declared a state of war. It is another major example of Islamic architecture in Spain and has been undergoing excavation and reconstruction since 1911. Crdoba (/krdb/; Spanish:[kooa]),[a] or Cordova (/krdv/)[6][7] in English, is a city in Andalusia, Spain, and the capital of the province of Crdoba. [59] Ferdinand III granted the city a fuero in 1241;[60] it was based on the Liber Iudiciorum and in the customs of Toledo, yet formulated in an original way. Up the river, near the Miraflores bridge, is the "Hombre Ro", a sculpture of a swimmer looking to the sky and whose orientation varies depending on the current.

Gardens of the Alczar de los Reyes Cristianos. Map updates are paused. [70][71][72] The ensuing Francoist repression in wartime and in the immediate post-war period (19361951) is estimated to have led to around 9,579 killings in the province.[73]. Crdoba is home to notable examples of Moorish architecture such as the Mezquita-Catedral, which was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984 and is now a cathedral. more, Paseo Maritimo Pablo Ruiz Picasso 71 Malagueta Beach. Una visin a corto plazo", "Paisajes del Valle medio del Guadalquivir cordobs: Funcionalidad y cambios", "Esquemas urbanos de la Crdoba renacentista", Bibliography of the history of Crdoba, Spain, "168. Abbas Ibn Firnas Bridge, Inaugurated in January 2011 It is part of the variant west of Crdoba. Surrounding the large Old town are the Roman walls: gates include the Puerta de Almodvar, the Puerta de Sevilla and Puerta del Puente, which are the only three gates remaining from the original thirteen. The centre of the mosque was converted into a large Catholic cathedral. In the central Plaza de las Tendillas is the equestrian statue of Gonzalo Fernndez de Crdoba, in the Plaza de Capuchinos is the Cristo de los Faroles, in Plaza de la Trinidad is the statue of Luis de Gngora, in the Plaza del Cardenal Salazar is the bust of Ahmad ibn Muhammad abu Yafar al-Gafiqi, in the Plaza de Capuchinas is the statue to the bishop Osio, in Plaza del Conde de Priego is the monument to Manolete and the Campo Santo de los Mrtires is a statue to Al-Hakam II and the monument to the lovers. [16] Later, Corduba occupied an important place in the Provincia Hispaniae of the Byzantine Empire (552572) and under the Visigoths, who conquered it in the late 6th century.[22][23]. The city primarily lies on the right bank of the Guadalquivir, in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. [37], The 10th century saw the construction of two palatine cities in the surroundings of Crdoba, Madnat al-Zahr to the west and another one built by Al-Mansur (Medina Alzahira[es]) to the east. [41], On 15 February 1009, with Hisham II as caliph and Sanchuelo as hajib (and de facto ruler), a revolution broke out in Crdoba, which led to the proclamation of an alternative caliph. Its original construction is attributed to the Almohad period. [111], The Diocesan Museum is located in the Episcopal Palace, Cordoba which was built upon a formerly Arabic castle. In the extreme southwest of the Old Town is the Alczar de los Reyes Cristianos, a former royal property and the seat of the Inquisition; adjacent to it are the Royal Stables, where Andalusian horses are bred. [117] The Council holds regular plenary sessions once a month, but can hold extraordinary plenary session to discuss issues and problems affecting the city.[118]. Home matches are played at the Estadio Nuevo Arcngel, which has 20,989 seats. [51], Sworn enemies of the almohads, Ibn Mardan (the "Wolf King") and his stepfather Ibrahim Ibn Hamusk allied with Alfonso VIII of Castile and laid siege on Crdoba by 11581160, ravaging the surroundings but failing to take the place.[52]. They were to act both as churches and as the administrative centres in the neighborhoods into which the city was divided in medieval times. The Archaeological and Ethnological Museum has eight halls which contain pieces from the middle to late Bronze Age, to Roman culture, Visigothic art, and Islamic culture. [37], Crdoba had a prosperous economy, with manufactured goods including leather, metal work, glazed tiles and textiles, and agricultural produce including a range of fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices, and materials such as cotton, flax and silk. Both the plaza and the inn get their name from the fountain in the centre of the plaza, which represents a foal (potro).

Cordobapedia is a Spanish language wiki founded in 2015, and provides historical and current information about the Crdoba region.