Block Box Testing White Box Testing Top-down Testing Bottom-up Testing 7.

11. Identify relationships The macro process serves as a controlling framework for the micro process.

Another terminal is also available for the customer service desk to handle returns. Original photo byMarco Tedaldi. Documents should be available in both web-browsable (e.g. Or, Which groups need help from the system to perform a task? Regression testing 3. The main objective here is to communicate with readers and not impress them with buzz words. What guidelines would you use to identify aggregate relationship? 6. (i) Briefly describe the Booch system development process. 2. Identify Class and Object semantics 3.

List down atleast four of their advantages and disadvantages over RDBMS. We recommend that they be written in LaTeX and based on a set 6. the task of determining correspondence Am I building the right product. 2. Who affects the system? I'm a novice in Kubernetes and even less familiar with service mesh. Correctness measures the consistency of the product requirements with respect to the design specification. 4.Define Object-Oriented User Interface. An use case is developed/ named by grouping a

Inconsistencies and omissions in documentation can lead to cost and time overruns, projects being delivered out of specification or worse! Plan. When to use object database? existence of a reviewed requirements document demonstrates that the requirements definition phase of a project has been completed. (a) (i) State the guidelines for developing quality assurance test cases. Prototype enable us to fully understand how easy or difficult to implement some of the features of the system. Fuzzy descriptions Or (b) (i) Describe the necessary characteristics that a system must satisfy to be considered an object oriented system. Explain the Booch methodology. The objectives are: To act as a communication vehicle between users and designers. 4. Documentation is the effective way of communication between different developers/. d. Copy method. OMT consists of four phases namely Analysis System Design Object Design Implementation 4. Control coupling. Its the foundation for delivering efficient and effective products and systems. Language or syntax errors run time errors Logic errors 8. 3. What are the steps used in UI design rule? Define Use Case. 10. User satisfaction testing Key: i. Usability testing 1. PART B 1. Document Opensource.com aspires to publish all content under a Creative Commons license but may not be able to do so in all cases. (a) What are the components of Booch method? Abstract use cases also are the use cases that have uses or extend associations. Red Hat and the Red Hat logo are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries.

If it is well-constructed, you will get a new user right away. d. Data that exist between the executions of the program. Explain OOSE and OOBE. Interaction within a single object or software component is called cohesion It reflects the single purpose ness of an object. That's where technical writing and documentation come in. 12. He writes weekly about the broader technology industry on Interconnected. 6. Inheritance allows explicitly taking advance of the commonality of objects when constructing new classes. Prepare interaction diagrams: Determine the sequence. . Incomplete requirements. (a) Write short notes on the following : (i) Object interoperability (ii) Access Layer Or (b) (i) Briefly explain, how design axioms help to avoid design pitfalls. 14. Interface 7. What is the strength of OMT? When does encapsulation leakage occurs? Define primary key and foreign key.

Error based testing IV. through the CCSM repository. Agenda Identifying Use Cases Object Analysis: Classification Identifying object relationships, Attributes and Methods. What is a protocol and its function? What is object oriented system development methodology? 3. Or (b) (i) Explain the guidelines for identifying super-sub relationship in an application. 18. 2. The term verification refers the quality assurance i.e. A Framework is a reusable design expressed as a set of abstract classes and the way their instances collaborate. Or, Which user groups are needed by the system to perform its functions? The three-step process above could be a helpful framework for designing a highly efficient Getting Started section in a measurable way. The following are guidelines for selecting classes in an application domain 1. Video clerk Add new member Clerk, Store manager Movie titles must exist Movie copy must exist Customer must exist (or Add new member must be invoked) Video Rental and rental line items must be created Payment transaction must be created Status of movie copy must be updated Video Rental must be connected to customer family member. Linkerd is an open source service mesh for Kubernetes. As engineers, we are trained more to write code than to write about code. (a) (i) Describe the basic activities of Object oriented analysis and explain how Use-Case modeling is useful in analysis. Define user-centered interface. 2. Object oriented Design iii. 2.

It is a binary relationship. (OOUI) A user interface in which user see and manipulate object representations of their information and need not be aware of the computer programs and underlying technology.

What do you mean by user satisfaction test? Customer input is vital. If he enters an incorrect PIN machine ask for correct PIN Describe the use cases briefly by applying terms with which the user is familiar. Use Case Model Domain Object Model Analysis Object Model Implementation Model Test Model 18.Name the phases in OOBE. Standards Change. This is an incremental process. Why is object orientation started finding place in system development? Hence analysis done for objects in business layer.

CC BY-SA 2.0. An Abstract Use Case is not complete and has no actors that initiate it but is used by another use case. 13. What are the two types of use cases?

Identify Class and Object relationship 4. Distinguish between method and message in object Difference Message Method Message is the Method is the way to Example: You want to instruction implement tell how to make soup Your Instruction is the The method soup was message prepared is method 5. 14. 8. List the guidelines for identifying tentative classes using non phrase approach. Prepare Interaction diagram for classification redundancy (created in all the places where there is a sub flow) sub flow is represented by a

Design patterns are devices that allow system to share knowledge about their design by describing the commonly requiring structure of communicating components that solves a general design problem within a particular context. 12. This will clearly outline the needs of the project and their expectations. (ii) Discuss the relationships and aggregation. It's something that also needs to be done routinely, perhaps once every quarter at least. They are three different models of OMT namely An Object Model A Dynamic Model A Functional Model 5. CS-1402 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN UNIT 5 (QUESTION BANK) PART - A 1.Why is user interface one of the most important components of any software? 13. 13. 2. Classificationdevelop a static UML class diagram: Identify classes. What are steps involved in Micro development Process? 7. The Component Development Distinguish Analysis prototype and Domain Prototype. Mention the elements used in the Use-case model. 2. Use the noun phrase approaches to identity the objects from the following grocery store problem. Bottom up testing b. Currently maintained by authors. 8. Discuss the merits and demerits of multiple inheritance. Analysis prototype iv.

(a) (i) Discuss the advantages of Object Oriented Approach. The Software Engineering Plan contains incremental development of the ultimate software solution Its used when developing the Its used to add features to the product first time developed project. Generalization is also known as super sub relationship. Making incremental progress over time, rather than doing all the writing in one giant sitting, is what will help your project reach that ultimate goal: traction and trust. (ii) Describe the process that are involved in unified approach for software development. (a) (i) Use the noun phrase approach to identify the objects from the following grocery store problem. What are the order OMT model? Identifying the use cases: Goals The use-case approach to object-oriented analysis and the object-oriented analysis process. What is an Object Model? Corollary 1: Uncoupled design with less information content. CS-1402 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN MAY / JUNE 2006 PART A 1. One last note: include a clear one-sentence statement on what license you are using (probably in Getting Started, README, or somewhere else highly visible). What Is Analysis? Why we go for prototyping? 14. tools such as, it is the format generated by the F90/C++ compatible 7. 15.What is an Abstract Use Case? 8. OBJECT ORIENTED SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN APRIL / MAY 2005 PART A 1. set of activities together. Carefully choose and define class names. Black box testing ii. 4. State 6 corollaries of O.O. What are the various approaches for identifying the classes? Define them. Recording the usability testing ii. Tabulate types of coupling among objects or components. Multiplicity for multiple attributes. Learn how we and our ad partner Google, collect and use data. 10. 8. (Note the same relation exist between super sub Dynamic binding determines at run time which functions to invoke and Static binding does this determination earlier at compile time. 30. What are the two major properties of a part of relationship? Distinguish between method and message in object. It is a relationship between classes where one class is the parent class of another (derived) class.

Also give OMT data floe diagram primary symbols. Every use case is a potential requirement. Construct several models and views of the system to describe what the system does rather than how. What are the modes used in user interface? Rule 1: Make the interface simple b. ISO Defines the usability as the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which a specified set of users to can achieve a specified set of tasks ISO Definition requires Defining tasks What are the tasks Defining users who are the users A means for measuring effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction how do we measure usability 18. 6. A clear and comprehensive FDS is important as it provides a framework for the developments that inevitably happen. Develop a simple business process model using UML activity diagram. (a) Describe the different testing strategies. Naming a Use Case. What is DML? The opinions expressed on this website are those of each author, not of the author's employer or of Red Hat. When to stop Decomposing and When to continue. of model software. Use case diagram represents various requirements of the user. Or (b) (i) What is system development methodology? Jacobson provides two three rule in identifying actors. serves as a reference point for future reference.

user uses the system in the domain. Provide immediate feedback iv.

Use case Driven approach. Mayors debugging principles 1. 10. 9. The extends association is used when one use case is similar to another use case but does a bit more. The system must support complex objects. Types of relation ships 1. A use case can be executed by more than one actor.

PART B 11. Discuss the advantages of object oriented system development methods. Testing strategies i. (ii) Why does refinement of attributes is a must? The language that allows users to access and manipulate such as create, save, or destroy in a data organization is called Data Manipulation Language. Describes the function, interfaces and usage of the software. Class 3.

ii) Extends Extends relation exist between Use Cases if one use case is similar to the other Encapsulation means that the user cannot see inside of the object but can use the objects by calling the object methods.

The Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) Process The process consists of the following steps: 1. Key: i. The Object Oriented Database Management system is a combination of object oriented programming and database technology. For example, the Define OMT DFD?

6. What is method? Encapsulation 3. What are its major advantages and methodologies? It lists out Analysis is a creative activity that involves understanding the problem, its associated constraints, and methods of overcoming those constraints. 4. 3. h. Domain specific. The trick is to make sure that the 20 percent is easily accessible and the rest (80 percent) is available to those (few) who need to know. What are the principal objectives of the user satisfaction test? Design and Implementation Testing Phase 19.Define Pattern. Creating an object model from an existing relational data base layout is referred as reverse engineering. In noun phrase approach, we have read through the requirements or use cases to identify noun phrases. These comments are closed, however you can, How to write effective documentation for your open source project, 10 tips for onboarding open source contributors. the task of determining correctness Am I building the product right. A store wants to automate its inventory.

Types: Content coupling. Identifying the Actors (Cont) What problems does this application solve (that is, for whom)? Object an oriented system is the way to develop software by building selfcontained modules or objects that can be easily replaced, modified and reuse. Mention the OOSD life cycle 2. (a) (i) Discuss the similarities and differences between structured approach and object oriented approach.

ATM stands for automatic teller machine, and DON WEZTEL invented the first successful and modern ATM in the US, Object-Oriented Analysis & Design A Two-Day Seminar Michael A. Grasso [emailprotected] http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~mikeg, www.rejinpaul.com UNIT IV ARCHITECTURAL MODELING: OOAD MCQ auto-documentation tool. Identify attributes. Information Hiding Encapsulation Information hiding is concealing the internal data and procedures and providing an interface to each object such a way as to reveal as little as possible for inner workings. When dealing with actors, it is important to think about roles rather than people or job titles. Guidelines for developing usability testing 3. Noun Phrase approach. If you are a data analytics or business intelligence tool, perhaps "meaningful" means quickly generating a dashboard with different visualizations after loading some data. The analyst may user the following technique, 1. Maintain the independence of components Axiom 2.

Eventually they will also be made available to developers The information Axiom. Minimize the information content of the design. Corollary 4: Strong mapping. Ultimately, if you want the best project, ensure you have good documentation. Corollary 2: Single purpose. Explain the following a. a. Constructor. Most of the web traffic to your project lands on your documentation, and most of that lands on Getting Started. User feedback changes, and "newbie questions" evolve over time, so the docs must keep up and speak to those needs. How are they carried out? team. Identify the 3 steps in CRC process. Domain prototype 19. A class that have a set of method that it uses only internally, messages to itself is called private protocol. Beta testing 4. than one role. 3.

3. Minimize the information content of the design. 4. Myers objectives of testing 2.

Develop usability test plans and test cases for via net bank ATM system. 5. The more nuanced point here is you should work writing into your normal workflow, so it becomes a routine, not an isolated chore.

Development plan including a schedule with major milestones and the groups involved in development. user uses that particular use case. Or (b) How is software development viewed? 9. c. Identify attributes updated with Component Development Plans. An actor may use more than one use case. Analysis and development of the model 3. Analyst have to identify what are the roles played by the user and how they use. It must accept concurrent users. (iii) Explain the relationship exit among objects. 18. Define persistence. Key:OOSE Use case model Domain Object model Analysis object model Implementation model Test model Key:OOSE Analysis Phase Design and implementation phases Testing Phase 5. What is impact object orientation in testing? Observation, Analysis is a difficult process because of the following contents in the SRS, 1. For every class identified ,determine if the class interacts with human actor. The software development process b. Case is used by other use case. What is Quality assurance? How is it represented in UML? Discuss about designing view layer classes Key: a. The object diagram contains classes interconnected by association lines. Fuzzy descriptions. A successful test case is the one that detects an as yet undiscovered errors. Make the interface forgiving ii. Guidelines for Finding Use Cases For each actor, find the tasks and functions that the actor should be able to perform or that the system needs the actor to perform. Interviews 3. KEY: 1. Candidate classes are selected from relevant and fuzzy classes by eliminating redundant, adjectives, attributes, and irrelevant classes 17. Iterate and refine.

4. Or, Who is affected by the system? What is dynamic binding? It is the one that replicates the users view of doing things by providing the outcome users expect from any action. 9. Abstraction 2. i) Uses This relationship exist when there is a sub flow between use case. PART B 11. Guidelines for developing test plans iii. Identifying tentative classes 2. Axiom 1: The independence axiom. These functions can be both main functions and secondary functions, such as administration. It must be persistent and able to remember an object state. documents, suggests responsibility for their creation and maintenance, What are the two orthogonal views of software? (ii) Briefly explain the elements of object model Or (b) (i) Briefly explain about Object oriented systems developments life cycle. However, with early drafts of documents, its easy to get sidetracked into issues around grammar and spelling while the priority should be to ensure the content is correct. State the objectives of it. A theorem is a proposition that may not be self evident but can be proven from accepted axioms. 10/2/2001 (ii) Describe state, behaviour, and identity with respect to an object with relevant example. Explain two object oriented design axioms. ii. Verification refers that am I doing the product right and validation refers that am I building the right product. The OOA process consists of the following steps. 1.1 Identify the view (interface) objects for the class. Use Case Driven development Object Oriented Analysis Object Oriented Design Incremental Development and Prototyping Continuous Testing 26.Define OOA. represented by a straight line connecting the actor and the use case. Norman explains the three most common sources of requirement difficulties: 1. Analysis Phase. Thus, spending time and energy on documentation and technical writing, focusing on the most important section, "Getting Started," will do wonders for your project's traction. Dependency 3. Discuss the relationships and aggregation. Discuss about the basic concepts of object orientation. i.e. And, finally, how do users use the system (use case)? Definition 2. use case but does some more operations. Dividing use cases into Packages 7. Key: Macro Development Process Micro Development process 2. How is it used to identify classes? Summary (Cont) Capturing use cases is one of the first things to do in coming up with requirements. All plurals are changed to singular, the nouns are listed, and the list divided into three categories: Relevant classes, fuzzy classes (the fuzzy area, classes we are not sure about), and irrelevant classes (which either have no purpose or will be unnecessary). Or (b) What are OODBMS standards? Putting it in context: If you are working on your project full time, it's about half a day to one full day per week. To provide a high-level overview of CCSM software engineering goals, schedule, progress, and issues. Corollary 3: Large of simpler classes, reusability. CS-1402 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2005 PART A 1. Discuss about the different categories of prototype. What is a Use Case Model? following activities done by the user in an ATM Center. Define theorem. . (ii) Describe the process that are involved in unified approach for software development. What is user satisfaction testing? When you see the same sort of questions coming in, it's time to create some documentation, not just keep referring people to old mail list posts. Abstract Use What is multiple inheritance? Look for nouns and noun phrases in the use cases. Kevin is currently an Entreprenuer-in-Residence at OSS Capital. Questionnaire. 7. List at least four graphical diagrams defined in UML. 6. a simple Business Process Model created with an UML activity diagram. Use Associations The use association occurs when you are describing your use cases and notice that some of them have common subflows. To provide a periodic indication of divergence of opinion about the current design. How do you select candidate classes for the list of relevant and fuzzy classes? Examination of existing system documentation. (ii) Briefly describe the four major activities in the design process of view layer classes. 2. Unnecessary features. Define Analysis. 4. (ii) Discuss the guidelines for finding use cases. 14. What is OODBMS? Identifying the Actors 2. Addressing these five elements is the critical next step to your users' journey into your project, assuming they had a good experience with Getting Started. 3. State the OO design axioms. To enable pinpointing specific areas of dissatisfaction for remedy. (ii) What is user satisfaction test? 4. (ii) Write notes on class mapping view layer. Here are five actionable writing tips you can apply today. Another terminal is also available for the customer service desk to handle returns. What is the strength of the Jacobson et al.methodology? Rapid application development (RAD) 6. Discuss about the different categories of prototype. g. I/O methods. Draw the use case diagram and activity diagram for a ATM system. 2. Give the four primary symbols used by DFD? The system must support inheritance. Guidelines for Finding Use Cases. (a) State 6 corollaries of O.O.Design. used in most of the phases. However, be intentional about building these out over time. Define Object. What are the various processes involved in object oriented software development life cycle? Realization 4. The creation of these documents is closely related to the software life Transaction. All tests need not involve many subjects iv. What is a use case model? For the above problem, draw the following UML diagram: (1) Use case diagram (2) Class diagram (3) Sequence or collaboration diagram of any two use cases (4) Activity diagram for any two classes.

5.

(ii) Write short notes on Unified approach. (a) Describe the non phrase approach for identify tentative classes in a problem domain. 1. 8020 Rule 80 percent of the work can be done with 20 percent of the documentation. Identifying the Actors Develop a simple business process model using UML Activity Diagram Develop the Use Case Develop interaction diagrams Identify classes 28. How do design axiom help to avoid design pitfalls? 18. 2. 3. An abstract use case is not complete and has no initiation actors but is used by a concrete use case, which does interact with actors. What are the methods provided by a class? b. Some Definitions User Human Users + Other Systems Use Case A piece of functionality Use-Case Model All the use cases Use-Case Driven Development process follows a flow, Product development is Use case driven: Capture the users needs (requirements - in users context) - Helps in Project Scheduling Analyse to specify the needs Design to realize the needs Implement to implement the needs Test to verify the needsVerified byTest1 Test3, Implemented by Realized by Use cases Specified byDesign2 Design4 Design3.

Single value attributes. The document may be compiled and maintained by a software engineer who is a lead developer. Questionnaire The behavior of an object is called method. What is the significance of separating these two protocols? Modularity 4. b. Implementation. KEY: 1. An Abstract Use Case is one not executed by the user and it is not complete. links to the Component Development plans. OMT methodology provides one of the strongest tool sets for the analysis and design of Object Oriented Systems. 3. An actor is a user playing a role with respect to the system. Problem Statement Analysis Transformation 2 Design Implementation Details Transformation 3 System Software Product 8. (ii) How is super-subclass identified? Distinguish between encapsulation and information hiding. We're working on it and we'll get it fixed as soon possible. Define regression testing. Identify the actors. List out the tools involved in Analysis. 1.Object oriented analysis Process: Identifying Use cases. Abstract Use cases also are the ones that have uses or extends relationship.