17. }. -->, Bob said (that) Julieshouldn'tdo that if she I said to him, They had played cricket., He said to me, We hadnt played cricket.. The man in the bookshop told me, "We have ordered your book but we haven't received it yet. ", Bob thought, "Julie must really want to go out Julie said (that) shewassorry but added that shehad For direct and indirect speech complete rules click: Direct and indirect speech complete rules. with him. 18. ---> The reporting verb is in a present tense. In the Direct and Indirect Speech, we change the tense and the Helping Verbs of the Direct Speechwhenever we convert it to the Reported (Indirect) Speech. Interrogative with auxiliaries at the beginning. ), (Wh or How + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + ? 1. These Modals Do Not Change: Would, could, might, should, ought to. A voice said that someone had brought a cat to the cinema. ", 2. Start new paragraph every time when a new speaker says something. When there are two sentences combined with the help of a conjunction and both sentences have got different tenses. two pastactionsand one happened before the other: He explained that he had just turned out the light. with me." (Ahmed doesn't want to suggest that his father but isn't now.). wherever necessary. He told my father that two men had escaped from prison, had stolen a car and had driven to the seaport. We talked about direct and indirect of past progressive tense, in the lesson below I am going to elaborate direct and indirect of past perfect tense. "I had just turned out the light," he explained. Change each of the following speeches into an Indirect or Reported Speech using the Past Perfect tense. ", 14. The third person of the reported speech doesn't change. He asked, Had you finished playing cricket before the rain started? 10. ", 13.3.1 Direct to Indirect Speech using Past Perfect Tense, 13.4.1 Direct to Indirect Speech using Passive Voice, 5.6.3 Relative Pronoun (who, which, whom, whose) I, 5.6.4 Relative Pronoun (who, which, whom or whose) II, 5.6.5 Relative Pronoun (who, which, whom or whose) III, 5.6.6 Relative Pronoun (who, which, whom or whose) IV, 6.1.2 Prepositions (at, from, of, to, with), 7.1.1 Coordinating Conjunction (and, but), 7.1.2 Coordinating Conjunction (and, but), 7.1.4 Coordinating Conjunction (for ,nor, or, so, yet), 12.2.1 Comparatives and Superlatives as Modifiers, 12.4.1 Misplaced modifiers and Dangling participles, 13.2.1 Direct to Indirect Speech with Same Tenses, Exercise 18 - Verb + ing (Gerunds and Particles), 18.1.2 Verb + -ing (Gerund and Present Participle), Exercise 19 - Determiners and Quantifiers. Comma, full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark must be present at the end of reported sentences. didn't really want to. ---> The pronouns of the Direct Speech are changed where necessary, according to their relations with the reporter and his hearer, rather than with the original speaker. Reported/Indirect Speech: Zedd said to me that he had not learned the Indirect speech for past perfect tense. 4. Change the tense of the direct speech appropriately according to rules described in table 3. Bob added, "I was hoping to have dinner with you." Bob said (that) he was getting hungry. Change the past tense into present tense wherever the repoting verb is in the past tense. "I have never come across a person as selfish as you." "Did you ever live in Washington?" Affirmative, negative, interrogative and negative interrogative sentences along with examples. with you." The word "that" is used as join clause. tense,the tense in the reported statement orquestion is "I did not read your letter," she told her sister. Bob said (that)he'd been counting onseeing Julie. Ahmed said (that) his fatheris livingin Kuwait. The boy told her mum, "The washing-line has broken. 4. He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday. if 'No' is used in interrogative sentences, The words that are actually spoken should be enclosed in inverted commas. Could you mean 'God' instead of 'Cod'? Imperative sentences consist any of these four things: Most commonly used words to join clauses together are ordered, requested, advised and suggested. the tense of the reported-speech verb: Fred said, "I'm married." If the reporting or principal verb is in the Past Tense. Helping verbs (is, am, are, was, were) are used after the subject. All Right Reserved. 16. Advertise with ESL Cafe Now. (it is optional to put "that" between the reporting and reported speech), Change the 1st letter of reported speech into small letter except for "I", Change the pronoun of the direct speech according to the rules described in table 2. The second paragraph sounds fishy. Bob thought (that) Juliemustreally want to go out The police questioned him, "When did you last see the deceased? He complained to the supervisor that nobody had come to help him. We also try to provide helpful strategies and articles to help homework challenges for struggling students, along with assignments tips to help with each challenge. reported speech: Julie said, "I can still go with you. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window). Bob asked Julie if shehad eatenearlier. Interjections such as Hurrah, wow, alas, oh, ah are used to express emotions. If direct speech comes after the information about who is speaking, comma is used to introduce the piece of speech, placed before the first inverted comma. Direct speechconsists of theexact wordsa person says or thinks. In indirect speech, we convey the message of the speaker in our own words to another person. Changes of "tenses" , "pronouns" and "adjectives" will be according to the previous rules. 20. You will learn how to convey a message of someone from past perfect tense. 19. Direct and Indirect of Past Perfect Tense. Be careful about the order of words in the question. If what was said was true at the original time of speaking and is still true at the time when it is being reported, the tense of the verb in the reported speechmaychange to a past tense butit may stay in the present tense: When the verb of saying, etc is in the past tense, a verb in thesimple past tensein direct speecheitherremains asimple past tense, or elsebecomes apast perfect tense: Modal auxiliaries in the past tense, however, remain in the same form: A verb in thepast perfect tensein direct speech remains as apast perfect tense: The rules regarding tenses in indirect speech could sometimes lead to ambiguous sentences. ", 15. Words expressing nearness in time or places are generally changed into words expressing distance. This is placed inside the closing inverted comma or commas. 14. Photo source:www.slideshare.net In the simple Future tense, we use Will and How to Simple Past tense to Passive Voice? Julie's doing that. Reported/Indirect Speech: He said that he had visited the new international rugby ground this month. But if we have past perfect tense in direct speech, we use the same tense in indirect speech. ---> Exclamatory sentence changes into assertive sentence. Write the first word of the statement with capital letter. Bob said, "I'd been counting on seeing you." Oneofthe most common ones happens when there are Verbs with modal auxiliaries are complicated in 13. She added that she justwouldn'teat. Adverbs and pronouns are converted according to the table 1 and table 2 respectively. Bob said, "I've been looking forward to having dinner 12. the sentence's main verb: if the mainverb is in a past A verb in thepresent tensein direct speech becomes apast tensein indirect speech; afuture tensebecomes afuture in the past;and apresent perfect tensebecomes apast perfect tense: There is no change of tense in reported speech when the verb of saying, etc is in thepresent perfect tense: Notice that when a question in direct speech is reported in indirect speech, there is no question mark at the end of the sentence, just a full stop: Notice also that when -words such aswho, what, whose,etc occur in a question in direct speech, there is a change of word order in indirect speech, with the verb moving to the end of the clause: Withwhichthere may be a change in word order but there need not be: A present tenseusuallychanges to a past tense in reported speech when the verb of speaking, etc is in the past tense, but this isnot alwaysthe case. Banner & Sponsored Announcement Advertising. The father shouted, "Who left the fridge door open?". Moreover, you can find written scripts for different kinds of events or demand for any script you need. Bob said (that) hewashungry. He says to them, "You have completed your job.". He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday. (Fred doesn't want to suggest that he was married she told off her boyfriend. it changes to past progressive after a past main verb: Bob said, "I'm getting hungry." The policeman told the inspector that he had arrested two men who had tried to steal something from a car. Fred said (that) heismarried. The police officer asked the crowd what had gone wrong. ", 16. The second person of reported speech changes according to the object of reporting speech. She told off her boyfriend that she had never come across a person as selfish as he. it changes to simple past after a past main verb: Bob said, "I'm hungry." She asked him, "How much did you pay for the pony?". Here are the basic rules: To change from Indirect to Direct Speech, keep the rules of the Direct Speech are applied in the reverse order. "Someone brought a cat to the cinema" a voice said. She asked, Who had you played cricket with before the rain stared?. I hadn't expected to see you." Direct Speech: They Said. 13. 8. Indirect Speech: He said that he had started a new rice shop. Whenever that would be the case, it is necessary, when there is a choice of tense, to choose a tense that makes what you are saying unambiguous. He said to me that I ought to wait for him. The following table will enable to find the kind of sentence: Developed by Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham & CDAC Mumbai. The boy told her mum that the washing-line had broken. instatements andquestions that are reported (said by Direct Speech: Zedd said to me, "I had not learned the Indirect Speech for Past perfect tense". Remove the conjuctions "that, to, if or whether etc". My brother said that some birds had eaten the bananas. If the verb of saying, thinking, etc is in thepresent tense,the tense of the verb in indirect speech is the same as in direct speech. ---> In direct speech, we convey the message of the speaker in his own actual words without any change to another person. He told me that they hadn`t played cricket. He complained to the supervisor, "Nobody came to help me. When the reported-speech verb is present progressive Looking for a way to promote your products and services on the #1 ESL Website on the Net?

10. Direct Speech: He said, "I had started a new rice shop". Indirect Speech for Present Perfe How to convert Simple Future tense to Passive Voice? 7. My brother said, "Some birds have eaten the bananas.". Convert the past perfect either into past tense or present perfect as found necessary. Forbid(s)/ forbade is used for the negative sentences. She said that she would be using the car next Friday. 11. Another common use for the past perfect is inindirect Peter asked his friend whether he had ever lived in Washington. Passive Voice for May have, Should have, Must have and Might have, Convert Future Continuous tense to Passive Voice, Indirect Speech for Future Simple and Future Continuous tense, Direct and Indirect Speech for Past Simple and Past Continuous tense, Indirect Speech for Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous tense, Convert Simple Future tense to Passive Voice, Convert Simple past tense to the Passive Voice, Convert Present Perfect Tense to Passive Voice, Convert Present Continuous tense to Passive Voice. Example: She said, Mum has just cooked a great meal., 1.

Julie said (that) shecouldstill go with Bob. The teacher told his parent, "Ryan cut his chin playing hockey. Do Not Change Tense of reported Speech in Indirect Speech sentence. five changedto a corresponding past tense: Bob said to Julie, "Did you eat earlier?" 9. He told them that the game hadn't started because some of the players hadn't arrived. ), Put "that" between the reporting and reported speeches. .hide-if-no-js { (A past perfect tense is formed by using 'had' and a past participle.). He told my father, "Two men have escaped from prison. He said that he should avail the opportunity. They have stolen a car and driven to the seaport. wh questions. Bob added, "You shouldn't do that if you 2022 Original English English Grammar Exercises Rules, Examples and Quizzes . The father shouted who had left the fridge door open. ---> He tells them that they have completed their job. 11. How to Write an Article for Publication , How to Write a Dissertation Paper -The Step, How to Check Your Grammar Mistakes in an, Relative Clauses Kinds of Relative Clauses Grammar, Advanced Level Grammar Exercises With Answers, Intermediate Level Grammar Exercise With Answers, Powerful Debate Writing Tips and Tricks for Students, How to Improve Your English with Podcasts, How to Add Closed Captions And Subtitles to, Best Background Remover Tools How to Remove, Best Plagiarism Checker Tool | Plagiarism Software, Change Voice And Speech to Text For Free|, direct and indirect of past progressive tense, Direct and indirect speech complete rules, Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises With Answers, How to Change Active Sentences to Passive Sentences, Relative/Adjective Clause Exercises With Answers. 8. The teacher told his parent that Ryan had cut his chin playing hockey, and he/she had taken him to hospital. a past-tense verb, they sometimes don't change I asked my mother if she had bought some berries for me. Exclamatory sentences expresses emotions. 'It feels strange. oneperson to another)are influenced by the tense of Interrogatives with who, where, what, when, how etc., i.e. 2. --->. She wanted to know who I had played cricket with before the rain started. then change the tenses of both sentences according to the rule. Use the reporting verb, "say" or "said to" in its correct tense. The police questioned him (as to) when he had last seen the deceased. isn't living in Kuwait now.). document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); @2022 - www.learnesl.net. 7. 6. ", 6. They said that they would apply for visa. 5 --->. 18. Bob said (that)he'd been looking forwardto having ---> We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Direct Speech: He said, "They had answered All the English grammar Questions frequently". then no conjunction is used as "question-word" itself act as joining clause. ---> told, advised or forbade (No need of "not" after "forbade"), Exclaimed with sorrow/ grief/ exclaimed sorrowfully or cried out, exclaimed with joy/ delight/ exclaimed joyfully, exclaimed with surprise/ wonder/ astonishment", appreciation and it is being expressed strongly. Insert quotation marks, question mark, exclamation and fullstop, wherever necessary. display: none !important; Present Tenses in the Direct Speech are changed into Past Tense. Funded by MeitY (Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology), English hadn't expectedto see Bob. ---> The man in the bookshop told me that they had ordered my book but they hadn't received it yet. Ahmed said, "My father is living in Kuwait." She said that mum had just cooked a great meal. 'They think it's a more respectable job,' said Joe. Nominative / Objective / Possessive Pronouns, Ending a Declarative Sentence with a Question Mark, Differences Between American English and British English, Verb Phrases: Main Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs, The Simple Tenses and Participles of Regular Verbs, First, Second and Third Person; Singular and Plural, Auxiliary Verbs and Lexical Verbs in Questions, Further Uses of Infinitiues, Participles and Verbal Nouns, Past Participles in Passive Constructions, The Meanings and Uses of Must, Need to and Have to, The Meanings and Uses of Will, Shall, Would and Should, The Meanings and Uses of the Conditional Tenses, The Meanings and Uses of the Future Tenses, The Meanings and Uses of the Present Tenses. ---> She asked him how much he had paid for the pony. How to Convert Future Continuous tense to Passive Voice? Julie said, "I'm sorry. Interrogative sentences are of two types: There are some rules to change direct to Indirect speech of Interrogative sentence: In direct speech, various punctuation conventions are used to separate the quoted words from the rest of the text: this allows a reader to follow what's going on. . 3. Bob said, "I would really appreciate that." The stranger asked if the train from Birmingham had arrived yet. with Julie. Tense Change:As a rule, whenever we change a sentence from quoted speech into reported speech, we go one tense back. When the reported-speech verb is simple present Check out Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises With Answers. If the Reported speech is in the Past Perfect tense, the Indirect Speech will also remain in the Past perfect tense and the helping verbs will also not change, it means when we convert the Direct Speech of the Past perfect tense to Indirect (reported) Speech the tense of the sentence will change into the Past perfect tense which means no changes to the tense and helping verb. As a rule, whenever we change a sentence from quoted speech into reported speech, we go one tense back. He asked me how I had found his address. 9. If we change direct speech into indirect speech, the pronouns will change in the following ways. ---> He asked, Hadn`t you finished playing cricket before the rain started?. She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday.". _________________________________________________. Direct Speech: He said, " I had visited the New international Rugby ground this month". The past perfect and past perfect continuous tenses do not change. Direct speech the words within the quotation marks talk of a universal truth or habitual action.

19. In indirect speech, the tense of the verb depends on both the tense of the verb in the main clause (the verb of saying, thinking, promising, etc) and the tense of the verb in the words actually used by the person doing the speaking, thinking, promising, etc. He asked me, "How did you find my address? Learn ESL is an organization to help students learn English as a second language and assist them to enhancetheir writing skills. The past tense is often used when it is uncertain if the statement is true or when we are reporting objectively. I just He asked me whether/if we had finished playing cricket before the rain started. --->. For example, when the verb of speaking, etc is in the past tense, a verb in the present tense in direct speech usually changes to a past tense in reported speech, as described in paragraph 1: However, as described in paragraph 2, a verb in the simple past tense in direct speech may also be a simple past tense in indirect speech: When what is being described is an action, there is usually no problem, but whenfeelingsare being described, there might be uncertainty about whether or not the feeling had stopped by the time of speaking: Wherever there would be ambiguity of this sort, a past tense in direct speechmustbecome a past perfect tense in order to show that the situation being described had finished when the words of the direct speech were first spoken: Even when the verb of saying, etc is in the past tense, a present-tense verb in thesubjunctivemood remains in the present tense in reported speech: Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. ", 5. won't eat." Indirect Speech for Past Simple Tense: Photo source:http://crackaninterview.com/ If the Direct Speech is in the Past Simple Tense Today we will learn about the Indirect Speech of Present Perfect & Present Perfect Continuous tense. 15. Reported/Indirect Speech: She said that they had won all theQualifier matches in the inter-school football Competition. ", 17. English Grammar Exercises Rules, Examples and Quizzes. The past perfect tense is used in several different ways. (reported)speech. She told her sister that she had not read her letter.

If the direct speech is broken up by information about who is speaking, comma (or a question mark or exclamation mark) is used to separate the two reported speech, 'You're right,' he said. The police officer asked the crowd, "What went wrong? = If you would like to know more about direct or quoted speech, or indirect or reported speech, check out more in the book below. In indirect speech, the tenses of verbs don't really want to." alreadyeatenand (that she)wasfull. dinner with Julie. He said, "I should avail the opportunity". 12. The policeman told the inspector, "I arrested two men who tried to steal something from a car. Indirect Speech for Past Perfect Tense: In the Direct and Indirect Speech, we change the tense and the Helping Verbs of the Direct Speech How to Convert Present Perfect tense to Passive Voice? the past perfecttense isusedfor the first (earlier) action. I asked my mother. The first person of the reported speech changes according to the subject of reporting speech. Change the words expressing nearness in time or places of the direct speech into its appropriate words expressing distance as per table 1. Reported/Indirect Speech: They said that they had purchased the new English Grammar Magazine. Thanks for your comment, you're right - it's a typo! ", 20. 5. Bob added (that) hehad been hopingto have dinner Julie said (that) shewassorry and added that she 3. If the verb of saying, thinking, etc is in thepast tense,the verb in the indirect speech clause must normally be in a past tense even if the actual words spoken (the direct speech) were in the present tense or the future tense. ', Begin the imperative sentence with "please", Interrogative sentence (Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + ? understood if they changed a present-tense verb to Peter asked Mary whether she had finished reading the magazine. I've taken him to hospital. W.H words like , "what" and "how" are removed and before the adjective of reported speech we put "very". But if we have past perfect tense in direct speech, we use the same tense in indirect speech. The stranger asked, "Has the train from Birmingham arrived yet? "Have you bought some berries for me?" Reported/Indirect Speech: She said that he had sent me a mail about his English teaching experience. If in direct speech you find say/says or will say. Because people sometimes feel they might not be Peter asked Mary, "Have you finished reading the magazine?". He told them, "The game hasn't started because some of the players haven't arrived.". He said to me, "you ought to wait for him". Passive Voice for May have, Should have, Must have and Might have. They told me that they had been living in Paris. "We had purchased the New English Grammar Magazine". Peter asked his friend. He asked me if we hadnt finished playing cricket before the rain started. Direct Speech: She said, "we had won all the Qualifier matches in the inter-school football Competition". Reported/Indirect Speech: He said that they had answered all the English Grammar Questions frequently. Direct Speech: She said, "He had sent me a mail about his English Teaching experience". If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Indirect speechreportswhat someone has said or thought. Indirect speech for past continuous & Past simple tense. Julie said, "I'm sorry, but I've already eaten and I'm full." Bob said (that) hewouldreally appreciate