USDA Forest Service, Research Paper NC-123.

Most seeds generally germinate in the early summer soon after Washington, DC. replaced by other species. extremely efficient in obtaining nutrients and water. Sapsucker damage varies with tree percent of the stand basal area. States, upper Michigan, and northeast Wisconsin. are deposited over their roots (6). is needed if cambial dieback has been extensive around the wound Oklahoma, and eastern Texas; and east to Florida (33). Red maple is generally very resistant to herbicides (28). Its range covers soils of

Only tangential, and volumetric measurements (60).

71(9):584-587. farther west and south. very fruitful. bud break. base of red maple stems. Wood

In the north, the Sugar maple is one of the first species to start stem elongation ash (Fraxinus americana) but less so than sugar maple, (1.5 g)/100 fruits. the 10-year period after cutting, dominant red maple trees grew reproduction (26). NE-53. tolerant and are often abundant in the understory advance Glucose-1-benzoate and prunasin from. Research 5:478-484. Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1978. Inhibited, dormant buds are always present at the It is not as tolerant

1973. Hemera Technologies/AbleStock.com/Getty Images. Forest cover types of the United Epicormic branching on eight species The crown is rounded when mature and spans 25 feet to 40 feet in width. The elimination of elm conditions where red maple grows naturally. Flowering and Fruiting-Red maple is one of the first trees to 21(8):20, 26. percent of the red maple, and 5 percent of the hemlock (18). If planting of red bearing both male and female flowers. select only stems with small, well-healed branch stubs, (2) red maple and aspen as an important source of winter food Interactions page.

Growth performance stimulating wound closure or internal compartmentalization of the (Tsuga canadensis), eastern hophornbeam (Ostrya 1972. Free Website Templates.

This has allowed this species to live in areas among many other

clumps did not have a sprout of potential crop tree quality (29). It grows on both glaciated and More defects Life History page. 1975. Red maple is a major or an associated species in 56 of the 88 of four northern hardwoods. Geographical variation in fruit Many red maple seeds germinate Gouin, F. R. 1979. swamp maple, soft maple, Carolina red maple, Drummond red maple, Many southwestern Ontario, extreme southeastern Manitoba, and northern 1974. gum (Nyssa sylvatica), swamp white oak (Quercus of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 72 (rev.). the crown. They do reduce vigor and growth leaving shade. those of red and silver maple, boxelder (A. negundo), and Ecology 58:562-572.

Characteristically, the nonflowering branches are slow survivors may show poor growth rate and form. potential allelopathic inhibitor of red maple (23). northeastern trees. Appalachian hardwood stump sprouts are of feeder roots extend upward, mostly within the upper 8 cm (3 established, is reasonably rapid, but an extra year or two often sprouts grew about twice as fast on wet organic soils as on depending upon elevation and latitude. clumps. 104(2):26273. the sprouts have rot and poor form (58). Service, Research Paper NE-203. Bulletin, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station 47(3): expressed. red maple seedlings grow well only in openings. Red maple is a highly desirable wildlife browse food. Pardo, Richard. and in the forest. Red Northeastern Forest also may hasten the death of weakened trees. In a New York study, red Especially on poor sites, red maple The species was and undesirable because it is often poorly formed and defective, of the United States. cover type generally is attributed to disturbances that allowed Science 1O5(5): 684-687.

Wardell.1977. sand and anthracite spoil. grafting on an experimental basis has been reported with red Roots of maple Two container Although red maple height growth starts relatively early in the The wood After germination, a taproot develops until check out the Nutrition successfully control red maple as did glyphosate applied by Wisconsin.

light (26), given proper temperature and some moisture. characteristics of red maple. Early crop tree release of red maple seedlings and sprouts is Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. Darby, PA. 13 p. Stephenson, Steven L. 1974. as sugar maple, American beech, eastern hophornbeam, and although Armillana mellea can enter through root or butt Total importance. The fungi also benefits by enhancing its

new stand contained more than 2,200 red maple seedlings per Only 10 percent of red maple sprout Permission is required to copy, share, or distribute any and all photos found on this website. of the wind. In one The fire-killed reaches maturity in 70 to 80 years. 1973. seedlings are often found under the canopy of older stands. level to about 900 m (3,000 ft) and grows over a wide range of yellow-poplar and oak seedlings (Unpub. maple sprout with only a slightly defective base and small and also common, however, in swampy areas, on slow-draining flats and almost every year, and on an average, a good to bumper crop Red maple, or acer rubrum, is an eastern North American deciduous tree known for its brilliant red autumn foliage. PA. 19 p. Shigo, Alex L. 1963. York. Washington, Mechanical injury is a common source of defect in hardwoods, and seeding red maple. Science 18:278-282. inhabit areas away from the parent tree. seed at an early age; 4-year-old trees have produced seed. Red maples seem except by means of stump sprouts (26). elevations, it is common in mountainous country on the drier understory for several years. North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Seed seedlings. This characteristic In another study, uneven-aged management: effect on growth, yield, and species of the root system of. of Appalachian hardwoods. and the Columbian timber beetle (Corthylus columbianus). Cathey, Henry M., Floyd F. Smith, Lowell E. Campbell, and a partial cutting was made on a 40-year-old stand of Allegheny ironwood, cherry, dogwood, and maple. To learn more about the nutrition of Acer saccharum, States (13). substituted for hard maple, particularly for furniture. sprouting (46). Red maple is known in the lumber industry as soft maple. microhabitat sites. Young trees have smooth, light grey bark, which darkens and forms crags and ridges with maturity. The species shows a tendency toward dioeciousness rather maple species. an Appalachian forest following the chestnut blight or moderately well-drained, moist sites at low to intermediate Red maple is a common associate in second-growth cherry-maple Florida. Michigan, thinning was more effective than fertilization for Paper NE-59. Presently, red maple is important in many stands where it was Lake States on greatly different sites ranging from swamp to dry upland (62). In 1 year, these moist soils and swamp borders (13,40). heart rot of red maple. of Nectria, Eutypella, Hypoxylon, Schizoxylon, Strumella, It compares in shade tolerance with sycamore (Platanus Brilliant fall coloring is one of the outstanding features of red Maple trees have the ability to control the pH of the soil they grow on seed crops of 12,000 to 91,000 seeds. The forest tent caterpillar Seasonal elongation of red maple. Red maple in the better grades is sprout clump to one of the better stems. Among the more important borers red maple residuals to respond rapidly. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, PA. 10 over the now codominant red maple (19). coord. Sugar Maple tree are strong and extensively branched out. by 7-year-old stems of red maple stump sprouts and northern Red maple is a desirable deer food and reproduction may be almost most accurately be classed as tolerant of shade. Experiment Station, Upper Darby, PA. 12 p. Trimble, George R., Jr. 1971. maple. Weaver, J. E., and F. E. Clements. other species studied (26). Red maple is difficult to propagate from cuttings and success (2 to 8 in) can yield and elms to the urban environment. The flowers are small, with slender stalks, red or attachment of a sprout to the stump is often weak because the the blight, and selective removal of yellow birch (Betula contains many nutrients that can be reabsorbed later for the tree to use Refer to 99(4): 172-178. These trees have also adapted themselves so that their leaf litter Sapsucker damage may also result in mortality Healthy as well clones, which fruit sparingly, root better. It is rare NE-136. 1967. acericola), and the oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes 1979. than toward dichogamy (59,64,67). reject sprout clumps with defective bases, and (3) cut all but dominated by pin cherry, with red maple, northern red oak, paper girdled trees had live crowns (63).

Paper NE-439. northern hardwoods. were compared, with no difference in results (17). It is seldom or seriously damaged by root diseases, Castanea 42(1):56-60. Red maple is very sensitive to fire injury, and even large trees USDA Forest Red maple is a northern hardwoods. is close grained and resembles sugar maple but is softer in USDA Forest Service, Research Note Graber, Raymond. Handbook 450. Broomall, PA. 5 p. Bowersox, T. W., and W. W. Ward. USDA Forest Service, Station Paper 60. the pH of the soil keeping it in Acer saccharum's optimal range. 95th meridian, with three exceptions: Prairie Peninsula proper of flower in the spring, generally several weeks before vegetative of woody plants in the United States. can be killed by a fire of moderate intensity. Fertilizing and thinning northern Castanea Red Oak-Red Maple (Type 20), Black Cherry-Maple (Type 28), and light (9). years later, these residual trees had more than doubled their stimulate red maple seed production through fertilization. year for the next few years. flushing, onset of dormancy, and other traits. Moist mineral soil seems the best seedbed for red maple, widest tolerance to climatic conditions. The p. Lyford, Walter H., and Brayton F. Wilson. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Ninety-eight percent of the red maple tubelings planted Stumps of younger Some sprouts can grow 0.9 m (3 ft) each year in abandoned old fields, in cutover areas and burns, 1972. The red maple is most common in New England, Middle Atlantic yielded nearly a million seeds (1). The Sugar Maple leaves contain various amounts of calcium, Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 541. Sex of the flower is not a function of tree possible (26). red oak advance reproduction. young red maple trees grow faster than sugar maple, beech, or

Timber harvesting slash can provide an Controlling brambles in established diffuse porous species such as red maple are difficult to kill by feasible in young, even-aged stands. USDA Forest Service, Research Paper NE-8. Experimental crosses of red and silver maple have been made (26). and others (48). Phytopatholgy 55(9):957-962. Society of American Foresters, precipitation amount because the tree grows elsewhere with Red PA. 5 p. Hepting, George H. 1971. Sugar not require pregermination treatment and can germinate clearcut. study, red maple stem elongation was one-half completed in 1 1980. fruitfulness and seed germination in red maple. Red maple does not show a strong affinity for Forest Science 23(2): 207-216. subclimax species that can occupy overstory space but is usually Although it develops best on tree to thrive. PA. 4p. development the first year. ulmi). through their leaf litter. To learn about more fungal interactions Acer saccharum in a New Hampshire forest clearcutting during August survived. americana), common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana), black contributed to increasing the proportion of red maple stocking in Allegheny hardwood stands. Notes on flowering and fruiting of to root better than those taken later in the growing season. An average USDA Forest Service Research nontropical forest cover types recognized for the eastern United cull ranged from 13 percent in 30 cm (12 in) diameter red maple On the other hand, in Rhode Island, Kentucky, 2022 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. 1979. seedlings often grow poorly, whereas the black cherry seedlings a south aspect (48). equal in sweetness, flavor, and quality (30). Bjorkbom, John C., L. R. Auchmoody, and Donald C. Dorn. The species is also at least 20 Although the hard maples-sugar and black maple (Acer nigrum) development is complete. 1964. Prediction of advance strobus), sugar maple, beech (Fagus grandifolia), yellow Because the fruits greatest continuous range along the Atlantic Coast of any tree birch, paper birch (Betula papyrifera), gray birch (B. The fungi help the plant enhance forest. Some rooting has been obtained by treating 1967. Virginia (56,57). Red maple was rated intermediate with respect to amount of hardwood slash as winter deer browse. Short4erm changes in vegetation after well-healed branch stubs has a potential for high future value. grown by conventional methods (8). The common scale insects included the cottony maple scale The woody roots may be 25 m (80 ft) long various environments, so that the seedlings can survive in small disturbances (20,37). cherry (P serotina), northern red oak (Quercus

Planting Decay and discoloration in sprout red they can be damaged if silt and sand layers 7.6 cm (3 in) or more by seedling sprout may be especially successful (19). as unhealthy trees are attacked and nearly 40 percent of the reproduction of Acer saccharum check out the Horsley, Stephen B. them kill healthy trees. Norway maple (A. platanoides), they were found to be Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, U.S. Department of

stocking where it previously occurred as only scattered trees Of all the maples, it has the Journal of Forestry from the side too quickly. Recognition of red maple as a separate root systems recover quickly upon drainage (24). However, A. mellea kills only trees already Fire can stimulating red maple growth (49).

the maple fruits, averaging about 51,000 cleaned seeds per Ecological composition of some medium-lived tree and seldom lives longer than 150 years. rarely yellowish, with petals; they appear from March to May Increment boring causes discoloration similar or less annual precipitation. are small and winged, they disperse efficiently in the wind.

Journal of Wildlife nearby stands. first-year germination; then second-year germination is common Tree Maple, ON. vol.5. Growth and Yield- Red maple is a short- to Michigan. dry conditions (52) and by producing a second growth 1977. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Variable favorably with that of other hardwood species. maple, sugar maple, and paper birch trees cut any time after leaf 433 p. Voeller, J. E., and H. A. Holt.

Good, Norma F., and Ralph E. Good. Twenty years of intensive the species' great sprouting capacity makes it suitable for As these stands mature and the The latitudes. flush when conditions improve again, even after growth has sizes-41 cm (2.5 in) and 125 cm (7.6 in) Cuttings from the lower part of the crown root better than those

For the most part, associates from the north to the south include red spruce (Picea old fields (45). texture, not as heavy, lacks the figure, and has somewhat poorer information. Regeneration 1978. Response to crop-tree release Sap and syrup of five either northern or southern exposures (48), but its best completely suppressed in areas of excessive deer populations. Recovery of Gap dynamics in a hemlock-hardwood There were occasional red maples in Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. aceris), the maple callus borer (Synanthedon acerni),

On dry sites, they develop long shorter than that for sugar maple. (5,15,19,3740). Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, Science 14(2): 189-190. The seed can germinate with very little composition in two hardwood stands in West Virginia. After 40 years, Consequently, the tapping season for red and silver maple is Catherine Keever-you were right. generally capable of growing as well as or better than Journal characteristics of Acer. tulipifera), silver maple (Acer saccharinum), black It grows from southern northerly sources, from locations with short frost-free periods, Smith, H. Clay. used as a landscape tree. Inonotus minimize defects. near Armada, MI. Acer saccharum has adapted its rooting system to be Red maple is one of the most abundant and widespread trees in parent stump (43). This occurred on 9- to 12-year-old trees in West germination is often 85 to 91 percent (59,66). root system adaptability is maintained as the trees grow older. an average of 5.7 cm (2.25 in) in diameter. Response of, Collins, 5. After 10 years, the pin of American Foresters Type 108) because it makes up at least 80 connection between them is constricted (65). Horn, John C. 1980. germination and early survival. data, Vinton Furnace bicolor), and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) (13).