Students provided information about their frequency of caffeine use in the past 30 days and the source of caffeine (energy drink, coffee, espresso shot, tea, or other caffeinated beverage). Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date They point to high caffeine levels in energy drinks and a rapidly expanding body of literature that suggests negative health effects and risky behaviors may be linked to high consumption of the beverages. Among young adults (i.e., ages 20 to 39), 5.5% reported consuming energy drinks in 2016, up from 0.5% in 2003. facts. Batenburg-Eddes T, Lee N, Weeda W, Krabbendam L, Huizinga M. The potential adverse effect of energy drinks on executive function in early adolescence, A survey of energy drinks consumption practices among student-athletes in Ghana: Lessons for developing health education intervention programmes. We compared behaviors between the top 15% (high end) of energy drink users (3/month) and coffee users (16/month) to those with less frequent or no caffeine consumption. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This section included 20 questions assessing risk behaviors, which were modeled after surveys created by McLeod et al.,32 Miller,27 and the National College Health Assessment II by the American College Health Association.33 A mixture of four yes/no (e.g., In the past year were you in a physical fight or assaulted? ticketed for speeding?) and four frequency questions (e.g., In the past year, how often did you wear a seatbelt when you rode in a car? Young adults struggle with sleep difficulties; data from the Spring 2014 American College Health Association (ACHA) National College Health Assessment II show that 28% of undergraduate students report sleep as being traumatic or difficult to handle, and students rank sleep problems second only to stress and anxiety in factors that negatively impact academic performance.1 One popular coping mechanism for excessive sleepiness is consumption of caffeinated beverages.2,3 Coffee is a mainstay in campus dining halls, and now, campuses are seeing a dramatic increase in the popularity of energy drinks. Sleep patterns differed between high-end energy drink users, high-end coffee drinkers, and casual/nonusers. U.S. market share of the top energy drink brands 2021, based on dollar sales, U.S. C-store unit sales of energy drinks 2021, by brand, Red Bull's number of cans sold worldwide 2011-2020, Leading U.S. energy shot brands 2021, based on sales, Leading U.S. energy shot brands based on market share 2020, Dollar sales growth of the leading U.S. energy shot brands 2021, Facebook: number of monthly active users worldwide 2008-2022, Smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q1 2022, Sales value of energy and sports drinks worldwide. Overall, high-end caffeine users, and particularly energy drink users, showed more risk-taking behaviors, disturbed sleep, stress, mental illness, and drug and alcohol use than did less frequent or nonusers. O'Brien MC, McCoy TP, Rhodes SD, Wagoner A, Wolfson M. Caffeinated cocktails: Energy drink consumption, high-risk drinking, and alcohol-related consequences among college students, High-risk cocktails and high-risk sex: Examining the relation between alcohol mixed with energy drink consumption, sexual behavior, and drug use in college students. There was a wide range of caffeine use: 33% had never had an energy drink, and 23% had never had coffee or espresso. Students with psychiatric diagnoses were grouped by disorder type: eating disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and moodanxiety disorders. Previous research supports these findings; caffeine reduces sleep quality,43 which can consequently lead people to feel more tired. Results showed the majority of students tended to overestimate the amount of caffeine in each type of beverage (Table 6).

The percentage of students who accurately identified the amount of caffeine in beverages is indicated in bold. Many studies have emphasized a positive correlation between energy drink consumption, alcohol use, and other risk behaviors,6,8,2428,38 but here, we add to the literature by demonstrating that preexisting health factors, such as sleep problems and mental illness, also predict frequency of energy drink use. Combining energy drinks and alcoholA recipe for trouble? The vast majority of high-end coffee drinkers did not regularly consume energy drinks and vice versa. As reported in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Bleich and her colleagues analyzed data collected from 9,911 adolescents, 12,103 young adults and 11,245 middle-aged adults between 2003 and 2016 during biennial government health surveys. FOIA All quotes delayed a minimum of 15 minutes. Frequency of Caffeinated Beverage Consumption in Past 30 Days, Age Distributions for Energy Drinks and Coffee. Berger L, Fendrich M, Chen H, Arria A, Cisler R. Sociodemographic correlates of energy drink consumption with and without alcohol: Results of a community survey, Energy drinks: An assessment of their market size, consumer demographics, ingredient profile, functionality, and regulations in the United States. High-end energy drink users consumed three or more energy drinks in the last month (n=23, 14.7% of total population), and high-end coffee drinkers consumed more than 16 coffee beverages in the last month (n=25, 16% of total population). It could be that, like sugary beverages generally, consumption of energy drinks is becoming less popular among adults and adolescents, Bleich said. McLeod R, Stockwell T, Rooney R, Stevens M, Phillips M, Jelinek G. The influence of extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors on the probability of sustaining an injury, American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2012, Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale, The comorbidity of major depression and anxiety disorders: Recognition and management in primary care, Patterns of use and motivations for consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks, Energy drink consumption and associations with demographic characteristics, drug use and injury among adolescents. To assess students' knowledge of caffeine content in common beverages, students were asked to estimate the caffeine amounts in common beverages (coffee, energy drinks, tea, etc.) For categorical data, one-tailed chi-square analyses were used (=0.05). Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota. In comparison, high-end coffee drinkers reported more daytime tiredness than the general population. will also be available for a limited time. Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. To better understand the unique traits of those who consumed significantly more caffeinated beverages than the general young adult population, we compared high-end caffeinated beverage drinkers with those with no or casual use. Clicking on the following button will update the content below. Table 7 shows how engagement in different risk behaviors differed between the high-end (3) energy drink users or high-end (16) coffee drinkers and those with less frequent or no caffeine consumption. Sanchis-Gomar F, Pareja-Galeano H, Cervellin G, Lippi G, Earnest C. Energy drink overconsumption in adolescents: Implications for arrhythmias and other cardiovascular events. Previous literature shows strong positive correlations between energy drink consumption and risk behaviors, such as binge drinking, illicit drug use, casual sex, and aggressive behavior.31,38,3941 Adolescents who consumed energy drinks more often were also more likely to have experienced a brain injury.42 The present study supports these findings; high-end energy drinkers reported engaging more often in risk behaviors, such as not wearing a seat belt and more frequent alcohol and other drug use. In contrast, the frequency of most risk behaviors, sleep disturbances, and mental illness diagnoses was not significantly different between the high-end and general population of coffee drinkers. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Sales growth of 5 Hour Energy in the U.S. Non-alcoholic beverages and soft drinks in the United States, How much sugar does an energy drink really have, Non-alcoholic beverages in the United States, Energy drinks in the United States (Statista Survey). Data from the current study suggest that consumption of energy drinks might have been leveling off or even declining in the last few years of the study, the researchers say, but they couldnt confirm a trend. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. Eighty-six percent reported caffeine use in the past 30 days, 64% had coffee, 30% had espresso, and 36% of students had at least one energy drink. Beyond the caffeine, people who drink energy drinks consume approximately 200 calories from these beverages daily, which is considerably higher than other sugary beverages like soda, Sara Bleich at Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston told Reuters Health. Get in touch with us. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the on a scale from 0 to >250mg in 50-mg increments, given that a cup of coffee generally contains 135mg of caffeine. Materials and Methods: Students from a midsize private university (n=159) completed a 15-minute anonymous questionnaire, including questions on risk behaviors, sleep habits, alcohol, and caffeine consumption. Although not significant, the high-end coffee drink population also tended to have a higher prevalence of mental illness diagnosis.

Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Still, she and her colleagues conclude, Requiring caffeine labeling on energy drinks and establishing an evidence-based upper caffeine limit for these beverages may be important to reduce the potential negative health impact on consumers.. It is unlikely that the few times per month students were consuming energy drinks explained the consistent patterns of risk behavior, drug and alcohol use, and delayed sleep schedules. Students reported the frequency of use in the last year (never, a few times per year, about once a month, a few times a month, once a week, or several days a week or more) of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, nonprescribed prescription drugs, and any other illegal drug. Before Specifically, 20.6% of students with depression and/or anxiety, 25% of students with an eating disorder, and 23.1% of students with ADHD reported drinking 16 or more coffee drinks per month versus 13.1% of the general population. This section contained six questions pertaining to self-assessment of general health, exercise frequency, fruit and vegetable consumption, and stress level. ; wear a helmet when you rode a bike, a motorcycle, or skateboarding?) with answers ranging from not applicable, never, rarely, sometimes, most of the time to always were used to assess risk-taking behaviors. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries Overall, students diagnosed with a mental disorder were more likely to be high-end energy drink users. found a positive correlation between energy drink consumption and disordered eating behaviors.46 Our results add to these findings; the high-end energy drink population was significantly more likely to have a mental illness (particularly eating disorders) than the general population.