Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Under these circumstances I deem it necessary to seek the cooperation of the Congress. The Eisenhower Doctrine aimed to assure nations in the region that they could count on U.S. support if they felt threatened by the U.S.S.R. and that they need not look to Egypt as a guide. Although it was modeled on the successful Truman Doctrine, the Eisenhower Doctrine was not very effective as a policy. Speaking to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee about the rationale behind the Doctrine, Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, warned that if the U.S.S.R. gained control of the Middle East, especially the region's oil, it could easily move eastward and threaten countries in Asia. In fact, Nasser began playing the U.S. and Soviet Union against one another for aid and support. When Nasser joined the Egyptian military in 1937, he was already a proponent of Arab Nationalism. In the face of U.S. threats, the three countries withdrew. Because Eisenhower feared that radical nationalism would combine with international communism in the region and threaten Western interests, he was willing to commit to sending U.S. troops to the Middle East under certain circumstances. A danger that could be linked to communists of any nation could conceivably invoke the doctrine. But since the First World War there has been a steady evolution toward self-government and independence. The Eisenhower administration was also concerned about the unpredictable path of Arab nationalism. Middle Eastern nations, frustrated by the West, increasingly looked to Nasser as their guide and partner. One of the most concerning was his belief in positive neutrality. Just recently there have been hostilities involving Western European nations that once exercised much influence in the area. While some argued that the United States should try to defeat the Soviets, the argument for containment was strengthened when the United States invaded North Korea in an attempt to ''rollback'' communism. After the war, Britain declared its desire to remove the remaining troops from Egypt but did not have a definitive withdrawal date. With the Eisenhower Doctrine and the first action taken in its name, the United States demonstrated its interest in Middle East developments. However, events over the next few months would bring President Nasser and the Middle East to the forefront of American foreign policy. Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The present proposal would, in the fourth place, authorize the President to employ, for economic and defensive military purposes, sums available under the Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended, without regard to existing limitations. Eisenhower Doctrine Proposed: January 1957. As days went by, what was being called the Suez Crisis threatened to escalate from a small-scale military operation into a major conflict. In 1952, leading Republicans convinced Eisenhower (then in command of NATO forces in Europe) to read more, The domino theory was a Cold War policy that suggested a communist government in one nation would quickly lead to communist takeovers in neighboring states, each falling like a perfectly aligned row of dominos. When Nasser indicated that he would accept their aid, the United States withdrew its support. In 1952, Nasser would lead a group of officers in a successful military coup against the Egyptian government. On January 5, 1957, in response to the increasingly tense situation in the Middle East, President Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969) delivered a proposal to a joint session of the U.S. Congress calling for a new and more proactive American policy in the region. Providing marketing, business, and financial consultancy for our creators and clients powered by our influencer platform, Allstars Indonesia (allstars.id). The legislation now requested should not include the authorization or appropriation of funds because I believe that, under the conditions I suggest, presently appropriated funds will be adequate for the balance of the present fiscal year ending June 30. I intend promptly to send a special mission to the Middle East to explain the cooperation we are prepared to give. In 1956, a major foreign policy issue emerged during the Suez Crisis of 1956. copyright 2003-2022 Study.com. She has a bachelor's degree in History, and a master's degree in International Relations. The Eisenhower Administrations decision to issue this doctrine was motivated in part by an increase in Arab hostility toward the West and growing Soviet influence in Egypt and Syria following the Suez Crisis of 1956. To do this he issued the Eisenhower Doctrine and asked Congress to allocate economic, political, and military resources to counteract the Soviet attempts to influence the Middle East. This surge of Arab nationalism found its champion in Egypt's Nasser. Seldom in history has a nation's dedication to principle been tested as severely as ours during recent weeks. Indeed, the sacrifices of the American people in the cause of freedom have, even since the close of World War II, been measured in many billions of dollars and in thousands of the precious lives of our youth. They symbolize religions which teach that the spirit has supremacy over matter and that the individual has a dignity and rights of which no despotic government can rightfully deprive him. However, after a brief period of independence in the mid-19th Century, during which the Egyptian government gave a French company the rights and labor supply to build the Suez Canal, the British invaded Egypt during its colonial expansion into Africa. The primary purpose of the Eisenhower Doctrine was to convince Middle Eastern countries to ally with the United States. .

These measures would have to be consonant with the treaty obligations of the United States, including the Charter of the United Nations and with any action or recommendations of the United Nations. Never for a moment has the United States entertained such a thought. The region contains a large percentage of the world's oil reserves needed by the allies. And it has shown callous indifference to the recommendations, even the censure, of the General Assembly. Russia does not appreciably use or depend upon the Suez Canal. He could then use the revenue it generated to pay for the dam. We have joined to take decisive action in relation to Greece and Turkey and in relations to Taiwan. Under this policy, the United States would use its resources to stop communism from spreading outside its existing boundaries. 3. The U.S. was also worried that the Soviet Union would use the crisis as a reason to intervene and take control of Egypt or other nearby Arab states. By the late 1940s, Nasser had risen to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. The Eisenhower Doctrine received its first call to action in the summer of 1958, when civil strife in Lebanon led that nations president to request American assistance. Assistance hours:Monday Friday10 am to 6 pm, Jl. In 1939 the Soviet Union entered into mutual assistance pacts with these then independent countries; and the Soviet Foreign Minister, addressing the Extraordinary Fifth Session of the Supreme Soviet in October 1939, solemnly and publicly declared that "we stand for the scrupulous and punctilious observance of the pacts on the basis of complete reciprocity, and we declare that all the nonsensical talk about the Sovietization of the Baltic countries is only to the interest of our common enemies and of all anti-Soviet provocateurs." Eisenhower wanted this vacuum filled by the United States before the Soviets could step in to fill the void. Persistent cross-currents of distrust and fear with raids back and forth across national boundaries have brought about a high degree of instability in much of the Mid East. And if the Congress were not in session, and if the situation had grave implications, I would, of course, at once call the Congress into special session. The free nations of the Mid East need, and for the most part want, added strength to assure their continued independence. If power-hungry Communists should either falsely or correctly estimate that the Middle East is inadequately defended, they might be tempted to use open measures of armed attack.

Today we have security treaties with 42 other nations which recognize that their, and our, peace and security are intertwined. Before doing so it is well to remind ourselves that our basic national objective in international affairs remains Peacea world peace based on justice. Americans had long been wary of Soviet communism and concerned about Russian leader Joseph Stalins read more, During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the prospect of communist subversion at home and abroad seemed frighteningly real to many people in the United States. America's involvement and relationships with Middle Eastern countries dates back to the Cold War and the development of the Eisenhower Doctrine. But until a degree of success crowns our efforts that will assure to all nations peaceful existence, we must, in the interests of peace itself, remain vigilant, alert and strong. To understand the actions taken by Nasser during the early years of the Cold War, it is important to understand the events and forces that shaped his early life and ultimately brought him to power. Attempting to garner support in the Arab world, the Soviet Union threatened to launch a nuclear strike against Europe if they did not withdraw. For many Americans, the most enduring read more, After World War II drew to a close in the mid-20th century, a new conflict began. All this would have the most adverse, if not disastrous, effect upon our own nation's economic life and political prospects. Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state. If the Middle East is to continue its geographic role of uniting rather than separating East and West; if its vast economic resources are to serve the well-being of the peoples there, as well as that of others; and if its cultures and religions and their shrines are to be preserved for the uplifting of the spirits of the peoples, then the United States must make more evident its willingness to support the independence of the freedom-loving nations of the area. Nasser's independent and unpredictable path irked the U.S., especially as other Arab nations began to follow Egypt's example. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union supported the Egyptians and offered additional military and economic aid. Eisenhower responded to Chamouns request by sending U.S. troops into Lebanon to help maintain order. We exclusively manage 70+ of Indonesias top talent from multi verticals: entertainment, beauty, health, & comedy. The first real test of the Eisenhower Doctrine came in 1958 in Lebanon, where the threat was not armed aggression or a direct Soviet incursion. But any free nation, which is the subject of Soviet enticement, ought, in elementary wisdom, to look behind the mask. It is now essential that the United States should manifest through joint action of the President and the Congress our determination to assist those nations of the Mid East area which desire that assistance. Other nations exercised considerable authority in the area and the security of the region was largely built around their power. Starting in Europe before the end of WWII with the Soviet Union's decision to create political and economic satellites of Eastern European Nations, then shifting to Asia with the Fall of China to revolutionaries in 1948, before shifting again with the invasion of South Korea by the communist North.

At a time when nations were expected to choose sides, Nasser declared that he could trade with both the United States and the Soviet Union. Matt is a History teacher with over 20 years of experience as a classroom teacher, online instructor, and curriculum developer. Eisenhower believed that a power vacuum had formed in the Middle East due to the loss of prestige of Great Britain and France and feared that this had allowed Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser to spread his pan-Arab policies and form dangerous alliances with Jordan and Syria, and had opened the Middle East to Soviet influence. The free nations of Asia and Africa, too, would be placed in serious jeopardy. But these cannot be considered as early prospects.

In the aftermath of this Hungarian tragedy, world respect for and belief in Soviet promises have sunk to a new low. The Suez Crisis began on October 29, 1956, when Israeli armed forces pushed into Egypt toward the Suez Canal after Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-70) nationalized the canal, a valuable waterway that controlled two-thirds of the oil used by Europe. Such a peace must include all areas, all peoples of the world [,] if it is to be enduring. Over the next few weeks, the British and French made plans to retake the canal. I feel like its a lifeline. Create your account. The U.S. wanted to assure its Arab allies like Iraq that they could still depend on the West. He also requested authorization to use U.S. troops to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations.. The Eisenhower Doctrine offered economic, political, and military aid to the Middle East as a reaction to two main developments. Even though Britain ended its nationwide military occupation of Egypt in 1922, troops remained stationed at the Suez Canal and Britain continued to be a dominant force in the Egyptian government and domestic affairs. It would, in the second place, authorize the Executive to undertake in the same region programs of military assistance and cooperation with any nation or group of nations which desires such aid. He graduated from the University of Northern Iowa with a BA is History Education and later returned to earn his MA in American History.

", Lesch, David W. "The 1957 AmericanSyrian Crisis: Globalist Policy in a Regional Reality", in, This page was last edited on 19 September 2021, at 06:02.