A form of education pioneered by President Charles W. Eliot at Harvard University, whereby students chose from a range of electives, shaping their own curricula as they developed skills in research, critical thinking, and leadership. A deaf Edison invented the phonograph and by 1900 it was used in over 150,000 homes.

Why do you think ritual and celebrations are an important part of all religions? Beginning of reform movements. A demonstration of striking laborers in Chicago in 1886 that turned violent, killing a dozen people and injuring over a hundred. During World War I, NAWSA supported the war effort and lauded women's role in the Allied victory, which helped to finally achieve nationwide woman suffrage in the Nineteenth Amendment (1920). What is the problem Jane Austen is trying to help her niece resolve in "On Making an Agreeable Marriage"? He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890. the last 3 decades of the 19th century or the early 1800s. Wealthy used this by arguing that those who became rich in human society were the ones who were the most "fit." Some companies like Standard Oil of Ohio just dissolved and reorganized itself with a new name- Standard Oil of New Jersey. (Select all that apply). Also made room for skating rinks, tennis courts, baseball fields, swimming pools and play areas promoted by the National Playground Association as a way to keep urban children safe and healthy. American environmental organization. "Tom Brown's School Days" - relationship between boy's development of religious education and athletic endeavor, a movement: to understand the values of fair play, good sportsmanship, and appreciation of the 10 commandments. - formal, standardized and international superimposed on local contests, - national and international superimposed on local contests. Sport Historian, Allen Guttmann, in Capitalism, Protestantism, and Modern Sport suggests which of the following cultural forces led to the modernization of sport? believed we live in a world concerned with outward appearances and therefore alter our ability to experience reality. What did muscular christianity believe about the body? Supreme Court case that decided against setting up an 8 hour work day for bakers.

movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting progressive reforms toward better conditions in government and society. To what degree, and in what ways, were Roosevelt's policies progressive?

He wrote Progress and Poverty in 1879, which made him famous as an opponent of the evils of modern capitalism. Modernism became the first great literary and artistic movement of the 20th century and remains influential today. Dating became more acceptable in larger cities without chaperones. they were chosen by God and the creator gave them favor. Where do some scholars argue suppressed goddess traditions re-emerged? Without any proof, many strikers were found guilty and sentenced to death. Prohibited the interstate transportation of women for immoral purposes. Parents wanted their children to be educated, and as a result 71% of minors in 1900 attended school. People worried that men who now had much less physical jobs would become out of shape and effeminate. Reformers fought to make cities safer, cleaner and healthier for citizens to live in. What changes did women experience at this time? in modern sport, rules were formal, standardized and international superimposed on local contests; chance to establish national and international reputation. Proved that major changes for industrialization were really only going to be made by State and national laws. Some of the characteristics of the clergy might be regarded as a cult. All of the following allowed trotting to overtake thoroughbred racing as America's first modern sport EXCEPT? an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. By 1900 over 71% of Americans between ages 5 & 18 attended school, Booker T. Washington built this school to educate black students on learning how to support themselves and prosper. railroads linked natural resources to their markets. The Protestant Work Ethic believed that hard work is a sign that one was destined for heaven. These ideas were readily accepted by Americans who were developing education in the late 1800s.

All of following reasons allowed Trotting to overtake Thoroughbred racing as America's first modern sport EXCEPT? What was the first organized trotting club in america? representing an effort to be a good Christian. The belief that women should contribute to civic and political life through their special talents as mothers, Christians, and moral guides. What period characterized the development of physical edu that became inclusive of sport as an important part of its theoretical and philosophical base? Created more and better urban park spaces. - reported on regular basis (tv, news, or sports journals).

What was the significance of Diass voyage? African American journalist. Concentrate on two of these groups and analyze sociologically the differences in the roles of group membership in one in-group and one out-group. Book that exposed the horrible, unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry. - low role differentiation among participants. most people believed that the ___________ separated humans from lower animals. study of factors that influence the hereditary qualities of the human race and ways to improve those qualities, A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be. The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural expression among African Americans during the 1920s.

What is the statistics and records of modern sport? (1908-1912), was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on progressive program, then he didn't appoint any Progressives to the Cabinet, actively pursued anti-trust law suits, appoints Richard Ballinger as Secretary of the Interior, Ballinger opposed conservation and favored business interests, Taft fires Gifford Pinchot (head of U.S. forestry), ran for re-election in 1912 but lost to Wilson, Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice. Progressivism, as defined by Grassroot reformer Jane Addams, proposed more democracy as the cure for the problems of democracy and industrialization. When a single company achieves control of an entire market, it becomes a monopoly. ~Muscular Christianity, 1850s, essentially is the belief from ministers that their clergy and America needed sports. Explain why the clergy in the middle ages were not a cult. Theodore Roosevelt advocated for the professionalization of sports. What is assigned to be the rise of sport in america?

led the Knights of Labor, a skilled and unskilled union, wanted equal pay for equal work, an 8hr work day and an end to child labor. physical educators began to argue for _____________________ as opposed to a dualistic separation of these entities, why were students regarded as being susceptible to ___________(1) because they were still developing ___________(2). How did this experience touch or change your self-concept? Newlands Reclamation Act (1902)- government sold land to raise $ for improved irrigation in dry, arid lands. Ontology? Decided that states cannot regulate interstate lines. muscular christianity combined what 3 things? Initiated era of republican dominance.

Barnum's Circus that appealed to the middle class (Highly suggest watching Greatest Showman to anyone who hasn't seen it). Compare the Portuguese who arrived in East Africa with the rulers of the Mutapa Empire. Ethics. How was immigrant labor beneficial to the US? Be prepared to explain any connections you find. _________(1) a medical doctor as physical educator argued that exercise was therapeutic and prevented ___________________(2). Delivered at the Cotton States Exposition in Atlanta, the speech was widely interpreted as approving racial segregation.

Worked to fight poverty, segregation, lynchings, and the persistence of Jim Crow laws. Cite specific examples to support your answer. Political boss William tweed ran what is known as the "Tweed Ring" a political machine that maintained power by giving and taking bribes in return for favors. Focused on reading the bible and taking it litteraly.

Increased government involvement in economy, increased democracy by recall. Mayors (Quincy in Boston) began to build public pools, gyms, playgrounds, and other spaces. According to the authors, inclusion, not exclusion, was often the very motive for developing sporting organizations. A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection. Pittsburgh saw the worst unrest, and Hayes had to send in federal troops to quell the riots (1st use of army to stop labor unrest).

Meting of workers to gain an 8 hour workday. First billion dollar budget. An 1873 law that prohibited circulation of "obscene literature," defined as including most information on sex, reproduction, and birth control. 20th Century Groups that Opposed Socialism. Republican governor La Follette believed that the government should intervene in the economy with the assistance of progressive economists for policy recommendations. What was the positive outcome? He lived from 1835 to 1910. supporting arguments by using sociologist research. Inspired competition and desire for wealth- they invested in railroads, industry, banking.

Key frontrunner in the w.c.t movement.

Using your school or local library and the Internet, research information on the clergy during the middle ages.

Who of the following were the key players in the development of Muscular Christianity? males that started working indoors for offices were, there were fears the boys were becoming more feminized by, believed in the close connection between vigorous life and moral development, that good health was a necessary condition of all permanent success, Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), protect welfare and morals of unmarried urban women, who was one of the greater influencers of the movement. They include family, friends, teachers, people at work, teammates, and so forth. The Carnegie Steel Company was sold in 1900 for over 400 million. Last, they believed that individuals were powerful or wealthy because they were chosen by God and thus, the creator gave them favor. At the meeting someone through a bomb killing and injuring many. His book "Up from Slavery.". Roosevelt's policies were progressive because they called for stronger civil service reforms, ones that had previously never been effectively addressed by the federal government. In the context of "muscular Christianity," sport is viewed as a. Cast of Wizard of Oz as a Populist Parable: selling a product below cost to drive competitors out of the market, Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Ragtime- popular among all classes and races. What is the organization of modern sport?

Eventually blue collar workers also joined Ys.

Rail brought new markets all over America with the harnessing of steam power in 1870. Led by FLORENCE KELLEY; Advocated laws to protect workers. What is the role differentiation of modern sport? Part of "Muscular Christianity". Based on your research and the material you read, how would you classify their religious organization? 1902 act authorizing federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects, mainly in the dry Western states, the idea of a more efficient and scientific government, the idea of government by experts, muckraker who took pictures of child laborers to expose how bad child labor was, a progressive organization formed in 1904 to promote laws restricting or banning child labor, 1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health. Muscular Christianity believed the body was the temple, that housed the soul which demanded their attention and pledge to keep their bodies in shape and to be strong and fit. Include visuals such as photos, sketches, and maps. Who were the fathers of muscular christianity? Came from the county treasuries. An organization created in 1896 by African American women to provide community support. Mothers originally received fifteen dollars a month for the first child and seven dollars a month for each additional child. immigrants who had come to the US after the 1880s from southern and eastern europe. The concept of "Muscular Christianity" means that those who are physically stronger are better Christians.

published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores.

Many were later overturned, labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms, A political theory favoring the abolition of governments. Attacks on African Americans by white mobs- Atlanta, 1906, 24 blacks were killed.

This makes sports/leisure more acceptable. William McKinley (R) -- received support from the North, supported industry and high tariffs. It could issue currency-- something many reformers wanted and regulate the flow of credit to the general public at the public's benefit. How did advertising lead to a consumer culture? Bell's telephone expanded employment opportunities for women as telephone switchboard operators. How did urban reform movements impact state and national politics? Which technological advances led to the rise of the industrial revolution in America? YMCAs offered a place for originally white collar workers to exercise.

He also passed the Asamson Act- 8 hr work day for RR workers, and Seamen's Act eliminating age-old abuses of merchant sailors. American fundamentalist minister; he used colorful language and powerful sermons to drive home the message of salvation through Jesus and to oppose radical and progressive groups. Which of the following represent the three characteristics of capitalism?

The AFL sought fair wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. The rail network served as a transportation system for natural resources from their area of origin to markets. Standard Oil controlled 90% of the oil refinery business. True or False: The early American colonists adopted King Jame's view as put forth in the 1618 Book of Sports. What was so significant about the election of 1896. Wanted silver coinage as the monetary standard, William Jennings Bryan "Cross of Gold" Speech. How did the public use the "nymphet syndrome" to justify East Europeans competing in sports? A Nativist group of the 1890s which opposed all immigration to the U.S. a prominent African American educator, he believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society. An 1895 address by Booker T Washington that urged whites and African Americans to work together for the progress of all. How did the growth of the Jamestown colony impact relations with Native Americans? Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Catholic and jewish immigrants struggled to keep their traditions vs becoming "WASP like". Give them something to do. He was a genius in publicizing his ventures with garish posters and elaborate newspaper announcements. Muscular Christianity is given credit for popularizing sports. Muscular Christianity was a protestant effort to promote physical fitness along with evangelization, which started as a result of the YMCA's foundation in 1851. Spiritual organization meant to provide healthy activities for young workers in the cities to promote Christianity and Fitness. The YMCA was viewed as an embodiment of the idea of "Muscular Christianity.". What is competitive games considered to be? Business interests, or struct down reform laws or movements by the courts, divided power in a federalist system blocked many issues like child labor. a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail. What is the competition of premodern sport? Who of the following were the key players in the development of Muscular Christianity? What is the statistics and records of premodern sport? All-African American professional baseball teams where black men could showcase athletic ability and race pride. White collar workers vs blue collar workers. A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. The leagues thrived until the desegregation of baseball after World War II. Became leader of the WCTU. Which father of muscular christianity had the biggest impactful influence?

By 1913, many women West of MS River were granted suffrage. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY, In premodern sport, which of the following are true? Which statement best describes feather evolution in dinosaurs? This resulted in radicalism because workers began to work local unions in single factories that would then strike to try and force employers to increase wages or make working conditions safer. The rise of industrialization and urbanization and the decline of the agrarian lifestyle are connected to the rise of sport in the mid to late nineteenth century. Men often paid for women since women had little $ b/c they earned less wages. United States naturalist (born in England) who advocated the creation of national parks (1838-1914). A single company owns and controls the entire process from raw materials to the manufacturer and sale of the finished product. Lincoln Steffens wrote this and exposed the corrupt relationships between big business and local governments (municipal corruption). The major forces that helped shape sport in American Culture was Industrialization, Urbanization, and the Great Migration. Introduced in Boston in 1851, the YMCA promoted muscular Christianity, combining evangelism with athletic facilities where men could make themselves "clean and strong.". -a movement in the 19th century in response to women greatly outnumbering men in church, -an early 20th century preacher who emphasized muclular christian ideals in his sermons, -a masculine christian movement in the 1990s that emphasized real men keep their promises to god and to their family, -it suggests that men who are not athletic are not real christians.

African Americans were left out of Progressive reforms. The leagues thrived until the desegregation of baseball after World War II. Ideas about appropriate decorum and sportsmanship are rooting in the tenets of Muscular Christianity. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. da Gamas voyage? "Boss" Tweed took millions from the city through fraud and bribery and he gained control of the police and courts. J. R. Headington argued in late 1800s that croquet was a healthy sport that liberated women from the burden of their domestic chores. which social theorist led members of the medical and biological communities to view humans as an "orgasmic part of the social body"?`. The ideology that women should enter the public sphere not only to work on behalf of others, but also for their own equal rights and advancement. After completing the activity, you may want to discuss your results with family members to see if they agree with your evaluation or share your perspectives. Encouraged by such groups, national and state governments began to set aside more public lands for preservation and recreation. An organization that blamed alcohol for crime, poverty, and violence against women and children, and fought against it.

Using proper grammar, sentence structure, spelling, and punctuation, write a paragraph defending your conclusion. What were the different views of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois as to how to reach racial equality? National Association of colored women formed (A reform organization focused on community support elderly in need of homes, and advocated temperance. A federal agency founded in 1916 that provided comprehensive oversight of the growing system of national parks. Made them look feminine. Women began earning public jobs such as clerks, etc What were some of the problems that farmers were having?

The government gave land grants to the rail companies, federal funded internal improvements, and high protective tariffs to protect American manufacturers from foreign competition. What did it call for?

- Vaudeville Theater: music, skits, magic shows. an 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States.