Since the error message for an invalid parameter will occur in nearly every set of test cases we create, we need to add it to tests/util.py (Line 6): We need to import this value into test_auth_register.py (Line 5): Next, add the content below to test_auth_register.py and save the file: I dont think theres anything that needs to be explained since most of it is the same as the previous test case, and the difference in the response JSON was explained thoroughly. Swagger documentation for API response with flask-restx, Design patterns for asynchronous API communication. Wow, that required a lot more detail than I originally anticipated. tests/test_user.py::FLAKE8 PASSED [ 86%] src/flask_api_tutorial/config.py::BLACK PASSED [ 15%] src/flask_api_tutorial/models/user.py::FLAKE8 PASSED [ 44%] Open this file and add the highlighted lines below: The placement of the import statement is deliberate. Line 12: Next, we verify that the HTTP status code of the server response is 201 HTTPStatus.CREATED which indicates that a new user was created in the database. This is not the case in OpenAPI 3.0. If we had used an API model, the Swagger UI instead renders a single textbox and an example of the expected JSON. Using the object from the database, we verify that the email address for the user matches the value submitted in the original HTTP request. flask-flasgger-example directory containing both app.py and The following method names are automatically mapped to the corresponding HTTP methods: get, post, put, delete, patch, options and head.

Lets go through the test_auth_register function and explain what is being tested: Line 5: The `register_user` function which we just dissected and documented is imported. OPTIONAL. available This value is false by default, which means that only a single error is reported whenever the request data fails validation. values is actually a dictionary that conbines args and form. Which HTTP method should Login and Logout Actions use in a RESTful setup, how to specify input validation for advanced and custom data types, The purpose of each parameter was explained previously, According to the table defining the API endpoints for the, examples of using decorators to document the Swagger UI page, Add Search to Your Static Site with Lunr.js (Hugo, Vanilla JS), Hugo: Add Copy-to-Clipboard Button to Code Blocks with Vanilla JS, Vigorish: Hybrid Python/Node.Js Web Scraper, My First Svelte Application: Base64 Encoder/Decoder, How To: Create a Flask API with JWT-Based Authentication, Part 3: API Configuration and User Registration, Removal of an existing endpoint request method. The order of parameters does not matter and can vary. The design that we will implement ensures that the clients application state is never stored by the server, which adheres to the statelessness constraint of REST. dto.py: DTO stands for data transfer object. I would recommend using Python 3, but Python 2 should work just fine. Line 21: Since the only supported HTTP method for this endpoint is POST, the only method exposed by the RegisterUser class is named post. Our API will contain two namespaces: auth_ns and widget_ns, which correspond to the flask_api_tutorial.api.auth and flask_api_tutorial.api.widgets packages, respectively.

Flask-RESTX should be easy to pick up.

(e.g., process registration request, process login request, etc.). Flask-RESTX is an extension for Flask that adds support for quickly building REST APIs. The access token issued by the authorization server. You will need to have Python installed on your machine. You should run tox to make sure the new test cases all pass and that nothing else broke because of the changes: The warning that is generated from Flask-RESTx is a very minor issue with the manner in which one of their modules is importing a type from the standard library. OPTIONAL, if identical to the scope requested by the client; otherwise, REQUIRED. Run the command below from the project root folder to create the files (or create them yourself however you wish): All of these files are standard for any Flask-RESTx API namespace package that I create. You can access the Swagger UI on http://localhost:5003/docs. package. tests/test_user.py::test_decode_access_token_expired PASSED [ 94%] Otherwise, the lifespan in seconds is calculated with TOKEN_EXPIRE_HOURS * 3600 + TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES * 60. However, I can't find an explanation of how to document the API's response body. A simplified Flasgger example that uses a docstring-based specification looks

This documents the response codes, not the result returned by the API on a successful call. Be remembered as a GENTLEMAN", Tags: setup.py::BLACK PASSED [ 7%]

You can also control validation behavior for an entire namespace, which we did when the auth_ns namespace was created in Line 9. Why does the capacitance value of an MLCC (capacitor) increase after heating?

Use 'from werkzeug.utils import cached_property' instead. endpoints.py: This file will contain Flask-RESTx Resource classes. tests/test_user.py::BLACK PASSED [ 88%]

The scope of the access token as described by Section 3.3. restplus_doc.static GET /swaggerui/ Flask is a lightweight web server and framework. The first argument ("/register") is the URL route to register. expose its documentation properly using Swagger. Finally, jsonify returns a response object with the JSON object as the response body. src/flask_api_tutorial/api/auth/business.py::FLAKE8

You should receive a response with status code 201 HTTPStatus.CREATED if the email address is formatted correctly (this is the only validation process being performed by auth_reqparser): Figure 5 - New user successfully registered (Swagger UI).

logged in user by parsing the RStudio-Connect-Credentials request header. According to the table defining the API endpoints for the auth_ns namespace, users can register for a new account by sending a POST request to /api/v1/auth/register. content type (e.g.

run.py::FLAKE8 PASSED [ 1%] cachedir: .tox/py37/.pytest_cache python Flask-RESTX encourages best practices with minimal setup. In the src/flask_api_tutorial/api/__init__.py file, add the following content: There are a few important things to note about how we are configuring the api and api_bp objects: Line 5: This is where we create the Flask blueprint object for our API. If you are familiar with Flask, Flask-RESTX should be easy to pick up. Before we begin, lets discuss what makes a REST API RESTful and make a decision to abide (or not to abide) by the requirements and constraints of REST. """, (flask-api-tutorial) flask-api-tutorial $, Endpoint Methods Rule When a new user attempts to register, what data is required? The first parameter, "api", is the name of the blueprint. Resources are the most important individual parts of a REST API. Flask-RESTx provides two different approaches for parsing and validating request data. platform darwin -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.3.5, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /Users/aaronluna/Projects/flask-api-tutorial/.tox/py37/bin/python A new key returned in the JSON response body.

tests/test_config.py::test_config_production PASSED [ 84%] What I'm looking for is something like the below: Anyone know if this is possible and if so, how?

for the specific app you are deploying. The main entry point for the application.

get, put) will handle the matching HTTP calls. py37 run-test-pre: PYTHONHASHSEED='1825844209' Line 13: The doc value controls the URL path of the Swagger UI. The Flask-RESTX package is an Line 9: The Flask test client allows us to make HTTP requests. "Arrive as a KING. For each value to be parsed, we add an instance of the Argument class to the RequestParser. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. A minimal Flask-API example is fairly similar to a minimal Flask example: Use rsconnect to deploy this example by specifying the flask-api-example This simple Flask API defines a /hello route that greets the arriving user. Typically, blueprints are used to factor a large, monolithic Flask application into logical groupings based on the functional areas of your website. There are many packages Also, you can specify multiple locations with a list (e.g., ["form", "args"]), the last location in the list takes precedence in the result set. If you are familiar with Flask.

api.root GET /api/v1/ To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The example applications in this section have their source code in a file named app.py,

To do so, we call the test client's post method. support in Flask-RESTX is to provide a Swagger UI console at GET /. tests/__init__.py::BLACK PASSED [ 61%] description: A greeting in which language? Construct an HTTP response including the access token and send the response the client.

src/flask_api_tutorial/models/__init__.py::BLACK PASSED [ 42%] Line 15: This assert statement verifies that the token_type attribute exists in the response JSON and that the value is bearer.

This verifies that the user we registered actually exists within the database. We can verify that our route has been correctly registered by running flask routes: The presence of the api.auth_register endpoint in the list of routes confirms a number of things: Start the development server by running flask run and point your browser to http://localhost:5000/api/v1/ui to check out the Swagger UI: Figure 2 - Swagger UI with api.auth_register endpoint. You can find a list of pre-defined fields in the API documentation. You can also easily create your own custom field by subclassing fileds.Raw, as shown in the Flask-RESTx docs. documentation or API console interface. There are several approaches to API versioning, but the one I prefer is the most explicit embed the version number in the URL route. packages, please ensure to follow the respective package maintainers' and within that file, the Flask application object is named app. Lines 6, 14: The API will implement Bearer token authentication. You can override the validation behavior for each method using the expect decorator. Line 23: Per the specification, the expires_in attribute is included as a parameter of the serialized JSON in the response body. You can also define this behavior for the entire API when instantiating the api object, or by setting the value of the app configuration setting RESTPLUS_VALIDATE. specified here is app:app. If youd like to send a request, click the Try It Out button. This article will describe how to get started with the python flask, so we can write API spec document. If this were a full-stack tutorial, we would probably create a registration form that calls this API endpoint when a user clicks the Submit button. tests/test_config.py::test_config_testing PASSED [ 82%] RESTfully design /login or /register resources? Then, we retrieve the user_dict and verify that the token (for the user that we just registered) does not have administrator priveleges. Content for more

src/flask_api_tutorial/config.py::FLAKE8 PASSED [ 13%]

The following questions/topics are from stackoverflow: I recommend skimming these discussions. In this post, we will work on all files marked as NEW CODE. congratulations :), Part 1: Project Setup and Environment Configuration, Part 2: Database Models, Migrations and JWT Setup, Part 4: JWT Authentication, Decorators and Blacklisting Tokens, Part 5: RESTful Resources and Advanced Request Parsing, Part 6: Pagination, HATEOAS and Parameterized Testing, Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures, Chapter 5 Representational State Transfer (REST), Understanding REST: Verbs, error codes, and authentication.

tests/test_config.py::FLAKE8 PASSED [ 76%] py37 installdeps: black, flake8, pydocstyle, pytest, pytest-black, pytest-clarity, pytest-dotenv, pytest-flake8, pytest-flask rev2022.7.21.42639.

When deploying a Flask API, ensure that you specify the correct entrypoint We calculate the lifespan of the access_token from the app.config values TOKEN_EXPIRE_HOURS and TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES. Check out the Flask-RESTx docs for examples of using decorators to document the Swagger UI page (if you need even more info it's probably in the API documentation). This, along with the url_prefix value in Line 8, is why all URL routes in the auth_ns namespace begin with /api/v1/auth. Flask-RESTX encourages best practices with minimal setup. guidance, especially regarding version usage and security considerations. The first argument is the HTTP status code to include in the response. See the The authorization server MUST include the HTTP "Cache-Control" response header field [RFC2616] with a value of "no-store" in any response containing tokens, credentials, or other sensitive information, as well as the "Pragma" response header field [RFC2616] with a value of "no-cache". The type of the token issued as described in Section 7.1.

REST is truly about resource state, and how hypermedia defines the actions available to these resources. Flask that provides an implementation of browsable APIs similar to what Django The test client is capable of sending requests for all HTTP method types: get, post, put, delete, patch, options, head and trace. Flask Swagger documentation query parameter GET required, Flask-restful using nested fields to generate docs with nested response, getting TypeError: Object of type Nested is not JSON serializable, Flask-RESTX - Arabic text in response body, Flask-Restx Api.model(strict=True) allowing unspecified params, Python REST-API with Flask-RestX and JavaScript REST-Client served together. To avoid duplicating work and to make maintenance of these reference docs easier, quite often terminology referred to in the Bearer Token Authentication spec references RFC6749 for the full definition/explanation. Flask-RESTx provides the RequestParser class as a way to parse data from the Flask request object.

tests/test_auth_register.py::FLAKE8 PASSED [ 67%] Value is case insensitive. This is really the only action performed in this test case, the rest of the code just verifies the server response to the registration request. If the app.config["TESTING"] flag is set, then five seconds is used as the lifespan of the token.

the get-method. """, """API endpoint definitions for /auth namespace.

drwxr-xr-x 7 aaronluna staff 224 Dec 30 01:20 . Line 38-40: The final three lines verify that the "token_type", "expires_in" and "access_token" attributes are not present in the JSON object sent in the response body.

like this: Use rsconnect to deploy this example by specifying the I understand that in order to generate swagger docs for the parameters the API takes, I should do.

To avoid a circular import, we do not want the app.api package to be imported unless the create_app method is invoked. collected 52 items Line 28: After ensuring that all required response body and header elements have been created and populated correctly, we send the HTTP response containing the newly issued access_token to the client. src/flask_api_tutorial/api/auth/business.py::FLAKE8 Minimal code required to create a working API is just 10 lines long.

The response above DOES NOT have an attribute named status, because Flask-RESTx generated the response rather than any of the code that was written for this tutorial. details. """, """Register a new user and return an access token. Line 10: test_auth_register is a test case, and client and db are test fixtures defined in conftest.py. static GET /static/, cd src/flask_api_tutorial/api/auth && touch business.py dto.py endpoints.py, (flask-api-tutorial) flask-api-tutorial/src/flask_api_tutorial/api/auth $, total 8 rsconnect-python section for The /api/v1 prefix will apply to all API routes, and clients will expect that any tools or proceses that integrate with our API will continue to function as long as they use the same URI. Line 9: Passing the api_bp blueprint object to the Flask-RESTx Api constructor links the two objects and is how all API routes become prefixed with the url_prefix value from api_bp.

This fixture initializes the database by creating tables for each database model class (the only model class at this point is User). Next, we need to create the API endpoint and incorporate it with the auth_reqparser and process_registration_request function. Before we create the next test case, update test_auth_register.py to import the PASSWORD value from tests/util.py (Line 5) and define a new string value (Line 8): To verify the expected behavior when a registration request is sent for an email address that has already been registered, add the content below and save the file: Line 29-32: The first thing we do in this test case is manually create a User instance and add it to the database.

rest of the code are to write the yaml in file. This is most often used to return a representation of an ORM object with a subset of the attributes defined by the actual ORM model. To create this API endpoint, open src/flask_api_tutorial/api/auth/endpoints.py, add the content below and save the file: Line 9: Flask-RESTx Namespace objects are used to group a related set of API endpoints in the same way that Flask Blueprint objects can be used to group related URL routes. All of these decorators have one thing in common they all produce some sort of documentation on the Swagger UI page. In an application that adheres to the principles of REST, each API endpoint (IOW, each URL) is a representation of a resource.

The abort function is provided by Flask-RESTx and is the correct way to abort a request received by an API endpoint. In many cases the source of an HTTP POST request is a form submission from a page. Note: During the development I found out Flask-RESTPlus is dead and a new project is forked as Flask-RestX. tests/test_config.py::test_config_development PASSED [ 80%] If a User already exists with the same email address, the request is aborted. src/flask_api_tutorial/util/result.py::BLACK PASSED [ 57%] To avoid duplicating code, if you need to define two models which represent the same ORM object but expose slightly different sets of attributes, you can inherit a model rather than defining the same set of fields twice. tests/test_config.py::BLACK PASSED [ 78%] Create request parsers/API models to validate request data and serialize response data.

Blamed in front of coworkers for "skipping hierarchy". Line 16: The expect decorator is used to specify the data that the server expects the client to send in the HTTP request. In order to send and receive HTTP requests from our API, the test function must include client as a parameter.

However, in large organizations with hundreds of users and groups, this may not RFC6750 is the specification document that defines an authorization process where clients utilize tokens issued by a resource server to access protected resources.

It provides a coherent collection of decorators and tools to describe your API and expose its documentation properly (using Swagger). The next step in configuring the API is registering the api_bp blueprint with our Flask application. =================================================== warnings summary =================================================== src/flask_api_tutorial/util/result.py::FLAKE8 PASSED [ 55%] Its not too surprising if you realize we only created one of the four auth_ns endpoints in this section. tests/test_user.py::test_decode_access_token_invalid PASSED [ 96%] Once you have an OpenAPI description of your web service, you can use software tools to generate documentation or even boilerplate code (client or server) in a variety of languages. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Swagger has evolved into the OpenAPI specification, currently curated by the Linux Foundation. Line 17: The response needs to include an access token and we can issue one by calling encode_access_token on the user object.

Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Line 23-25: In order to access the email and password values provided by the user, we call the parse_args method on the auth_reqparer object. Among them, there are a few with which your API.

These decorators can inform clients about the expected format of request and response data or the set of possible HTTP status codes that the client can expect to receive from the server in a response.

Line 14-16: If the email address has not been registered, we proceed to create a User object with the provided email and password values, and then commit the new user to the database. Define the business logic necessary to process the request if validation succeeds.

directory containing both app.py and requirements.txt: The Flasgger package is a Flask First of all, REST does not require HTTP REST is protocol-agnostic. tests/test_user.py::test_encode_access_token PASSED [ 90%] Documenting the expected format of request and response data has an additional benefit the Swagger UI automatically documents the expected format for any API routes we specify. In the same way that the inputs module provides primitive data types and a set of predefined data formats to specify the type of each RequestParser Argument, the fields module fulfills the same role for model objects. For example, the value "3600" denotes that the access token will expire in one hour from the time the response was generated. We obviously need to test scenarios where a registration request is not successful, as well. Each resource is an API endpoint, and the methods we add to each Resource class control the HTTP methods the endpoint responds to . Why had climate change not been proven beyond doubt for so long?