It may be possible that focusing on American and Soviet motives in dividing Europe underplay the influence of the European nations themselves in determining their fate. In George Kennans famous X article later that year he articulated publicly his views of the Soviet Union. European Integration 1950-2003: Superstate or New Market Economy?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thompson, J. Understanding Ukraine and Belarus: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Italy as the Kremlins Trojan Horse in Europe: Some Overlooked Factors, Opinion Resilient Ukraine and the Future of War in Europe. The United States and Western Europe Since 1945: From Empire to Invasion to Transatlantic Drift, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Much has been written of the initial American offer of this aid to all of Europe (excluding Spain), including nations aligned or under the influence of the Soviet Union, and to the Soviet Union itself, which was included in the plan as both an aid recipient and an aid provider which Stalin rejected. Gillingham, J. With a background of Soviet troops moving southwards towards Tehran and Turkey it did appear that there was a Soviet desire and a willingness to control the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. 0000005396 00000 n Students will begin this assignment by watching the online tutorial video:The Marshall Plan Explained. 25-41. A DBQ with two maps, two graphs and three political cartoons about the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall plan. /Producer (\376\377\000A\000d\000o\000b\000e\000 \000P\000S\000L\000 \0001\000.\000\ It is unclear whether that offer was sincere or not. 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(2003). 0000032565 00000 n %%EOF Add highlights, virtual manipulatives, and more. endstream endobj 40 0 obj << /Type /Font /Encoding /Identity-H /BaseFont /KDCLPC+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT /Subtype /Type0 /DescendantFonts [ 70 0 R ] /ToUnicode 39 0 R >> endobj 41 0 obj [ /ICCBased 66 0 R ] endobj 42 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontFile2 61 0 R /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /KDCMJB+TimesNewRomanPSMT /Flags 34 /StemV 82 /CapHeight 656 /XHeight 0 /Ascent 891 /Descent -216 /ItalicAngle 0 /FontFamily (Times New Roman) /FontStretch /Normal /FontWeight 400 >> endobj 43 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 37 0 R >> stream Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. Cox, M. (1990). << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 1275 /Height 1650 /BitsPerComponent 8 endstream endobj 53 0 obj <> endobj 54 0 obj <> endobj 55 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>> endobj 56 0 obj <> endobj 57 0 obj <> endobj 58 0 obj <> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj [/Indexed/DeviceRGB 255 76 0 R] endobj 61 0 obj <> endobj 62 0 obj <> endobj 63 0 obj <>stream 0000105372 00000 n 0000041527 00000 n He is the author of Foundations of International Relations (Bloomsbury 2022), International Relations (2017), International Relations Theory (2017) and US Arms Policies Towards the Shahs Iran (Routledge, 2014). 0000001555 00000 n Therefore in this sense, the Cold War was simply a continuance of normal realist balancing and bandwagoning politics, the sort that had been developing for centuries. He believed that the Soviet Union would be patient, moving slowly forward in a multitude of geopolitical and ideological advances. Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. 4 0 obj 0000006348 00000 n 0000002129 00000 n In early 1947, the British decided it was not in their interests to keep providing financial aid to the Greek government, which was under attack by communist guerrillas (Frazier 1984: 715; Kousoulas 1965: 88). Poole, W.S. Europes East and West developed two distinct economic systems that were basically incompatible with each other. \YspfIY]5UH_ 0000003018 00000 n The learning targets for this DBQ are: 1. to explain why the "free world" was afraid of communism , 2. to describe the purpose of the Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine, 3. to explain why the Eisenhower administration feared the domino effect.Students review a key excerpt from the Communist Manifesto to determine why capitalist democracies were so afraid of a communist revolution. 0000120049 00000 n 1 0 obj This left an important strategically placed state susceptible to political upheaval and communist takeover. 0000002806 00000 n Borchard, E. (1947). Roberts, G. (1994).

>> It has been proposed that either directly or indirectly the blame for starting the Cold War actually rests within British politics, not that of the Soviet Union or America. Therefore Stalins actions are equally to blame for the division of Europe as the polarising climate created by the Truman doctrine and the Marshall Plan. 0000005375 00000 n Before you download your free e-book, please consider donating to The Marshall Plan: Filling in Some of the Blanks, Contemporary European History, 10(2), pp. 0000004316 00000 n A. After all, perhaps there would have been no division of Europe if the offer had been accepted by all parties it was offered to. Frazier, R. (1984). The Marshall Plan is inescapably linked to the policy of containing the Soviet Union and is perhaps more than any other single element was of pivotal significance in crystallising the East-West conflict in Europe (Cromwell 1979: 422). Those objectives being a contained Soviet Union, integrated economies within an Atlantic framework, the opening of Western Europe to American culture, the establishment of permanent American bases, and keeping the leftist socialist, fascist and communist parties out of power in their respective countries (Lundestad 2003: 1-2). 0000013218 00000 n It is often described as a corollary of the Truman doctrine as both are directed against Soviet expansion. trailer << /Size 75 /Info 30 0 R /Root 33 0 R /Prev 170274 /ID[<8ba42aae1f8631fa66a4c32e5146649b><25a108f65f079b1ca107601e279631a9>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 33 0 obj << /Pages 27 0 R /Type /Catalog /PageLabels 25 0 R /StructTreeRoot null /Metadata 31 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20040721091744)>> >> /LastModified (D:20040721091744) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 73 0 obj << /S 102 /L 209 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 74 0 R >> stream Coupled with the Soviet reaction and the establishment of Comecon, the impetus whether intentional or not for the division of Europe was certainly within the realm of American foreign policy. 0000000016 00000 n This product is designed to assist the students to understand 4 US Cold War Policies: Truman Doctrine, Containment, Marshall Plan and Domino Theory. /CreationDate (D:20180409101231-05'00') 0000006054 00000 n 0000013718 00000 n At the very least they would have a significant initial advantage in any such move (Poole 1978: 14) . HIGHLY VISUAL!Cold War USASoviet UnionAxisWinston ChurchillIron CurtainContainmentGeorge KennanTruman DoctrineMarshall PlanYalta ConferencePotsdam ConferenceNATOWarsaw PactBerlin BlockadeBerlin Airlift2nd Red ScareHouse Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)Hollywood 10BlacklistWhittaker ChambersAlger HissRichard NixonThe RosenbergsEspionageU.S. Historical Context: When was this written and what was happening the in the world during, Cold War Worksheet Reading Comprehension with QuestionsVocabulary Cold WarUSASoviet UnionJoseph StalinCommunismAxisWinston ChurchillIron CurtainWestern EuropeEastern EuropeContainmentGeorge KennanTruman DoctrineMarshall Plan Chunked reading for more effective comprehensionLightly highlighted questions (my students like this- differentiates between reading/question)Sincerely,Highly effective teacherCheck out my other products to save time! 2 0 obj Donations are voluntary and not required to download the e-book - your link to download is below. Soviet rejection of the American offer led to the Molotov Plan, in which a series of bilateral treaties were made between the Soviet Union and Eastern European nations, beginning the process that led to the establishment of Comecon in 1949 (Roberts 1994: 1383). Lesson 1 Mallalieu, W. C. (1958). 0000003039 00000 n This is a similar line of reasoning to the analysis offered earlier in the discussion over the British involvement in the inception of the Truman doctrine. 124-162. 0 It contains 25 questions based on an online tutorial video and an online article about the Marshall Plan. I also use this with the PowerPoint "Cold War Beginnings", Students create a mind map on the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan-examples included, The Marshall Plan Webquest and Video Analysis with Key- this is a 10 page document that contains a webquest and a completed teachers key for easy marking. ]p [Content_Types].xml ( j0EJ(eh4vDBR^Q{`*[p+K3I"3)k$kd4LBjJ2P4u`RYYW_S/>zO[2A*f+. With Comecon and the Marshall Plan operating in parallel, and the Truman doctrine of Containment outwardly involving America in a reactionary process against the Soviet Union, it is certainly safe to state that by late 1947 Europe was divided in two. In this sense, both donor and recipients had their cake and eat it. /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /Filter [ /FlateDecode /DCTDecode ] /Length 84464 >> Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. 0000001472 00000 n The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, The American Journal of International Law, 41(4), pp.885-888. <<6EE1469234D6E044BB16DBCDCF878D42>]/Prev 1063065>> This situation simplified the task of American leadership and led to the alienation of Communist parties in Western Europe as the public were clearly forming a consensus in support of the American economic intervention (Mallalieu 1958: 491-502). He adds additionally that NATO was adopted reluctantly by America due to the anxieties of European leaders, not pioneered as a tool of American hegemony (Thompson 1994: 750). 0000001344 00000 n 0000061832 00000 n Andrei Zhdanov proclaimed a Two Camps doctrine in September 1947 in which he stated that the world was divided into an imperialist camp headed by America, and a democratic camp headed by the Soviet Union. Slides and texts can be edited and questions can be omitted for differentiation. Providing assistance to Greece, replacing British aid, was to be the first application of this strategy. 0000000876 00000 n E-IR is an independent non-profit publisher run by an all volunteer team. Teachers Pay Teachers is an online marketplace where teachers buy and sell original educational materials. 0000060980 00000 n 3\000e\000 \000f\000o\000r\000 \000C\000a\000n\000o\000n\000\000) The Success of the Truman Doctrine was not Accidental, Military Affairs, 29(2), pp. In the strict sense of the word the combined effect of the Marshall Plan and the policy of Containment created the structure with which the previously uncodified and loosely felt, yet inevitable tensions were spiralling around before mid 1947. One way of viewing the division of Europe is as two areas under the dominance of Great powers. The International Relations of the European Union, Essex: Pearson. The Truman doctrine was a manifestation of foreign policy resulting from the insecurities and fears of Soviet power filling the vacuum in Europe. For my fellow Texas Teachers this Activity covers World History TEKS 1F &. 88-92. amount, in any currency, is appreciated. :)Follow My TPT Store Here :)Pinterest :)How to get TP, This digital DBQ as a Google Form is great for distance learning. Bevin and the Truman Doctrine The Historical Journal, 27(3), pp. 0000002436 00000 n It is entirely possible in this sense, to account for the division of Europe through a reading of Structural Realism. 0000010103 00000 n

Use the layers of inference sheet and the knowledge from Lesson 1 to unlock the cartoon, b, This handout covers the beginning of the Cold War after World War II, focusing on the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the development of NATO. 267-294. Cromwell, W. C. (1979). Although diplomatic pressure eased this particular example, there were widespread fears within the Truman administration that if so inclined, the Soviet Union could conquer much of Western Europe. It enabled the rebuilding of the German locomotive, safely integrated and constrained within a common European framework, and enabled the expansion of the economic prosperity enjoyed domestically in America to Europe, and to the wider world. The formation and direction of the western bloc was much less outwardly directed by America. stream The Origin of the Marshall Plan: A Study in Policy Formation and National Leadership, Political Science Quarterly, 73(4), pp. This revolves around the fact that domestic policy was of little consequence across all the nations involved in the outbreak of the Cold War. Allies no longer being allies after the defeat of the Axis in the Second World War, the ideological struggle, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Iron Curtain. With the Marshall Plan being accepted by some and rejected by others, it is also safe to say that this fate was also accepted within Europe. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)Klaus FuchsDavid GreenglassAtomic BombLos AlamosRed ScareDwight D. EisenhowerMcCarthyi, Attached is a literacy based ENL lesson introducing the Cold War and U.S Containment policies. 422-443. Where Cromwell and the revisionists agree is in the certainty that the Marshall Plan was designed to fit an already divided Europe in perception, and was not intended inwardly or outwardly as a measure to reverse or ease that division. PowerPoint presentation over the beginning events of the Cold War.

0000009340 00000 n His refusal of the American plan was (with the benefit of hindsight) a miscalculation made through overconfidence in communist power in Western Europe and a reliance upon his rigid Marxist economics. 0000003354 00000 n The lesson chapter and lesson number refer to the Pearson/AGS Globe World History textbook. 32 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 34 /H [ 1472 275 ] /L 171042 /E 121031 /N 13 /T 170284 >> endobj xref 32 43 0000000016 00000 n Richard Freeland elaborates noting that the aid package was deliberately designed so that it would be rejected by Stalin due to its requirement of multilateral economic policies which the Stalin had frequently and consistently rejected in the past as incompatible with the Soviet economy (Cromwell 1979: 424).

It is not necessary to apportion blame in this analysis, but it is certainly accurate to state that all parties involved in the division of Europe did less to prevent it than to accept its perceived inevitability. Will save you SO MUCH TIME! This worksheet would work great as an introduction to the Truman Doctrine and Marshall plan while also building those historical thinking skills and DBQ skills! Gaddis, J. L. (1981). Students will contrast the treatment of defeated nations after WWI and WWII. This handout covers the beginning of the Cold War after World War II, focusing on the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the development of NATO. Whilst there is no doubt some truth in this for the West of Europe, it is clearly historically demonstrated in the Soviet bloc particularly through its military presence and the manipulation of elections. The Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine of Containment together defined the structure of the emerging Cold War between America and the Soviet Union. 0000001207 00000 n The video will introduce the time period and go over the key themes and events of the time. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. America was simply acting in its best interests by consolidating its allies and rewarding them in a mutually beneficial way. 7 questions. This again, draws on a traditional reading of international relations paradigms in concluding that the structure of the international system created the Cold War and the division of Europe. In this sense, the economic aid given through the Marshall Plan was significant in dividing Europe up not just ideologically and politically but also economically. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Many thanks! The answer was for the United States to contain them and inhibit their ability to do so. GCSE cartoon analysis (OCR-style, but it's adaptable to other exam boards). Western Europe is therefore a more interesting candidate to analyse when viewing the effects of the Marshall Plan and the doctrine of Containment. Also included in:Cold War Unit Activities Bundle! HTPN091`@-)'zEg?gs #XGq+k+Nn8d= 2m8d=iDn )!WB5"Tu` Simply, the way the Second World War ended with the decline of British and German power propelled the worlds two emerging powers, particularly America with its unique position of military and economic power, to make the best of the situation (Thompson 1994: 747-748). African Americans, women, and the GI Bill, Start of the Cold War - The Yalta Conference and containment, Start of the Cold War - The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, Start of the Cold War - The Berlin airlift and the creation of NATO, Middle school Earth and space science beta - NGSS, World History Project - Origins to the Present, World History Project - 1750 to the Present. Together with the Marshall Plan, it solidified the Western nations of Europe into accepting the reality of a divided Europe, indeed a divided world in which two distinct economic, ideological and political systems were in conflict. 0000004071 00000 n There is no doubt that the Marshall Plan solidified this line of reasoning, and it is worth noting again the sense of inevitability in the division of Europe as both the Soviet and the American thought processes were at least in part converging on this division before the fact of its final existence. All Rights Reserved | Site by Rootsy. startxref Did Britain Start the Cold War? According to this doctrine, capitalism was approaching a crisis which would cut off the flow of America aid leaving Europe ultimately in the hands of the Communists. 0000012825 00000 n 0000001425 00000 n :)Follow My TPT Store Here :)Pinterest :)How to get TPT credit to use on future purchases: Please login-go to My Purchases page. The lesson chapter and lesson number refer to the Pearson/AGS Globe World History textbook. 481-504.

In conclusion, it is clear the division of Europe had its roots in the way that the Second World War ended. %PDF-1.4 % 80 0 obj <>stream Your donations allow us to invest in new open access titles and pay our - https://youtu.be/6YEE8BgzBIMFive files are included in the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan Pack.- PowerPoint presentation- Corresponding notes in Microsoft Word and PDF- Corresponding cloze worksheets in Microsoft Word and PDFObjective: To examine the causes of the Cold War.Topics Covered:Soviet occupation of Eastern EuropeIron curtainTruman DoctrineMarshall PlanGerman occupation zonesFormation of East G. 18 slides and an abridged version of the Marshall Plan speech will stimulate thinking with art, audio, visuals, a map, primary documents and questions. Review: Americas Cold War in Retrospect, The Historical Journal, 37(3), pp.745-755. Turkey also received help, and the European continent became a front line of the first Cold War. One interesting position is the empire by invitation thesis, where America allowed flexible and individual policies amongst the governments of Western Europe, but still managed to frame the overall workings of said countries in such a way that it achieved all its foreign policy objectives. The thesis rests with the assertion that British foreign secretary Ernest Bevin deliberately and abruptly ended British aid to Greece knowing that it would draw the Americans into an interventionist path in Europe.

0000005892 00000 n In this sense, the Truman doctrine and the Marshall Plan, and indeed the Molotov doctrine were borne out of the inevitability of foreign politics as it was then constituted. ?~9x{.*6:. 0000008585 00000 n Containment: Its Past and Future, International Security, 5(4), pp. 0000009361 00000 n support open access publishing. Pre-made digital activities. This move was the catalyst of the Truman doctrine and of the Cold War itself. 0000004656 00000 n Dr Stephen McGlinchey is the Editor-in-Chief and Publisher of E-International Relations and Senior Lecturer of International Relations at UWE Bristol. 0000089385 00000 n This powerpoint is best used in special education classes or with students who are low readers. This lesson, like all of my lessons, is 100% translated in English and Spanish. Congress was hostile to further bilateral aid packages to European nations and there was already an accepted inevitability within American statesmen that the division of Europe was inevitable. Of course, the role of Stalin cannot be ignored. The Truman Doctrine, American attempts to. This powerpoint discusses the beginning of the Cold War after World War II, focusing on the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the development of NATO. Students will hear Truman's speech regarding the Truman Doctrine and read an abridged version of Marshall's speech outlining the Marshall Plan, and answer close reading questions. 0000003510 00000 n 0000008606 00000 n Lundestad, G. (2003). You can find him on twitter @mcglincheyst or Linkedin. x{XR6mrG,PP'<43&d*&50,,,&Q!'|zyz}}]{ZY _`m=x2?kC^ u+j+fv. 0000510887 00000 n 0000013950 00000 n Kennan noted that the answer to this threat was long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment (Kennan 1947: 575). 0000013465 00000 n The product is designed to be used over two days but can be adapted to fit into one day as well.

Topics taught in this Unit include:Cold WarThe Potsdam ConferenceRussian AtrocitiesIron CurtainMarshall PlanTruman DoctrineNATOWarsaw PactBerlin AirliftThe Growing Communist ChallengeKorean WarThe Arms RaceThe Space RaceBay of PigsThe Cuban Missile CrisisThe Berlin CrisisEvents of the Cold WarTechnology of the Cold WarPeople of the Cold WarRonald Reagan (1911-2004)Mikhail Gorbachev (1931-Lech Walesa (1943-Pope John Paul II (1920-2005)Fall of C, This PowerPoint is for World History Unit: The Cold War. Hb```b``= 6Pc hz\:3Xq ;3^b&[]e{cg{cKQD!*x&Fi}bn}. However, both differ in their tactical deployment. Donate or volunteer today! Second, students read portions of President Trum, Video Tutorial - How to use Google Classroom, Kami, PowerPoint and PDF files seamlessly. They then teach each other, in a carousel fashion, before trying the knowledge test (answers provided). endobj 0000088879 00000 n >>

Kousoulas, D. G. (1965). Topics include iron curtain, Truman Doctrine, containment, Marshall Plan, Berlin Blockade, and Berlin Airlift. His role underplays perfectly the much commented upon conclusion that both the Soviet Union and America were resigned and accepting of a division of Europe shortly after the Second World War, certainly by mid 1947. /Pages 3 0 R Available at: [Accessed: 16th May 2008]. 0000017815 00000 n % Of course the mirror opposite can be said as Stalins position did the same within his own bloc albeit on different terms. Upon analysing this theory, Robert Frazier concludes that it is doubtful Bevin was engaged in an underhand plot and the decision to withdraw from Greece was a simple decision made through extenuating and valid circumstances, mainly due to a lack of financial and political will to remain supporting Greece (Frazier 1984: 715-727). PK ! Together with the Truman doctrine it consolidated two clear sides in an ideological and economic conflict. If the revisionist position is to be accepted, America only offered aid to the Eastern European nations and to the Soviet Union to avoid blame for dividing Europe. Topics Included in this PPT include:Cold WarThe Potsdam ConferenceRussian AtrocitiesIron CurtainMarshall PlanTruman DoctrineNATOWarsaw PactBerlin AirliftThe Growing Communist ChallengeKorean WarThe Arms RaceThe Space RaceBay of PigsThe Cuban Missile CrisisThe Berlin CrisisEvents of the Cold WarTechnology of the Cold WarPeople of the Cold WarRonald Reagan (1911-2004)Mikhail Gorbachev (1931-Lech Walesa (1943-Pope John Paul II (1920-2005)Fall, A lesson-by-lesson unit plan for the origins of the Cold War. 0000007838 00000 n 566-582. 0000004149 00000 n trailer

In context however, it may be sensible to heed Mervyn Lefflers analysis. Mayers, D. (1986). The plan was originally designed for an IB History class that has both SL and HL student. Marketplace activity: Students become experts in one of the four main areas (Greece, Czechoslovakia, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine - see info sheets) and design a teaching resource with no more than ten words. Containment and the Primacy of Diplomacy: George Kennans Views, 1947-1948, International Security, 11(1), pp. This thesis maintains that, although on the surface this sounds similar to Soviet domination in the Eastern bloc, both America and Western Europe had compatible goals. /OutputIntents 14 0 R The PowerPoint comes complete with notes and a note-taking graphic organizer. It also includes two formal assessment questions to assist the teacher to know what the student knows. All associated resources can be found here on TpT as well, except for the textbook upon which the unit was based: Alexis Mamaux, "The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries", London: Oxford University Press, 2015. 0000056621 00000 n It was an important example of the overt use of economic power in foreign policy (Burk 2001: 268). The Marshall Non Plan, Congress and the Soviet Union, The Western Political Quarterly, 32(4), pp. bandwidth bills to ensure we keep our existing titles free to view. This powerpoint is best used in special education classes or with students who are low readers. 0000089185 00000 n Any 0000054925 00000 n The lesson chapter and lesson number refer to the Pearson/AGS Globe World History textbook. The traditional position, although fiercely debated, is that after 1945, the only alternative to massive American intervention in Western Europe was chaos (Gillingham 2003: 18). The Truman doctrine focuses on military aid, such as that lent to Greece and Turkey in the 1940s whilst the Marshall Plan was a package of purely economic aid, at least outwardly (Borchard 1947: 885). Kennan, G. F. (X) (1947). yfY .AidEB[U$~c]V,i{3/t+sX/FGx&r_ %vk- The Cold War then became a system of carefully managed irreconcilable antagonism that evolved out of the plan to rehabilitate Europe (Cox 1990: 30).